Nokea
The child becomes unresponsive. The most likely underlying lesion is
- A. cardiomyopathy
- B. anomalous coronary artery
- C. tetralogy of Fallot
- D. constipation
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Tetralogy of Fallot can cause hypoxic spells leading to unresponsiveness.
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A nurse is caring for a client with Diabetes Insipidus (DI). Which data warrants the most immediate intervention by the nurse?
- A. Serum sodium of 185 mEq/L
- B. Urine output of 3000 mL per hour.
- C. Blood pressure of 90/60 mmHg.
- D. Potassium level of 4.5 mEq/L.
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: A serum sodium level of 185 mEq/L indicates severe hypernatremia, which is life-threatening and requires immediate intervention.
A client with Guillain-Barre syndrome has paralysis of all extremities and requires mechanical ventilation. The nurse observes that the client is not blinking. Which action should the nurse implement?
- A. Protect cornea with lubricant and eye shields
- B. Administer artificial tears every hour.
- C. Encourage the client to blink every 10 minutes.
- D. Keep the client's eyes closed with adhesive tape.
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Lack of blinking increases the risk of corneal damage. Lubricants and eye shields prevent dryness and injury to the cornea.
Acetazolamide:
- A. Is used in the management of renal tubular acidosis
- B. Causes hypokalaemia
- C. Is usually given intravenously
- D. Inhibits the action of carbonic anhydrase
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Inhibits the action of carbonic anhydrase: Acetazolamide works by inhibiting carbonic anhydrase, reducing the reabsorption of bicarbonate in the kidneys and helping with conditions like glaucoma, metabolic alkalosis, and altitude sickness.
A male client who reports feeling chronically fatigued has a hemoglobin of 11.0 grams/dl (110mmol/L), hematocrit of 34%, and microcytic and hypochromic red blood cells (RBCs). Based on these findings, which dinner selection should the nurse suggest to the client?
- A. Cheese pasta and a lettuce and tomato salad
- B. Beef steak with steamed broccoli and orange slices
- C. Broiled white fish with a baked sweet potato
- D. Grilled shrimp and season rice with asparagus salad
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The client's lab results indicate iron deficiency anemia. Beef steak is rich in iron, and vitamin C from orange slices enhances iron absorption, making this the best choice to address the anemia.
Features predisposing to NEC (necrotising enterocolitis) in the neonatal period include:
- A. Short fixation
- B. Asphyxia
- C. Umbilical artery catheter
- D. Maternal Crohn's disease
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Asphyxia is a known risk factor for necrotizing enterocolitis (NEC) due to its effect on intestinal blood flow, leading to bowel ischemia and increased risk of bacterial translocation.