Nokea
The child begins to understand right and left by age of
- A. 3 yr
- B. 4 yr
- C. 5 yr
- D. 6 yr
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Understanding right and left typically develops around age 5.
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Which of the ff. is a normal hemoglobin value?
- A. 38% to 48%
- B. 48 to 54 mg%
- C. 12 to 18 g/100mL
- D. 27 to 36 g/dL
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: The normal hemoglobin values are typically expressed in grams per deciliter (g/dL) or grams per 100 milliliters (g/100mL) of blood. The range of 12 to 18 g/100mL is considered the normal range for hemoglobin levels in adults. Hemoglobin values outside of this range may indicate various health conditions such as anemia or polycythemia. Option A (38% to 48%) is a range for hematocrit, not hemoglobin. Option B (48 to 54 mg%) and Option D (27 to 36 g/dL) are not within the standard normal range for hemoglobin levels.
Potential sources of mercury include all of the following EXCEPT
- A. swordfish
- B. old teething powders
- C. quicksilver
- D. milk
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Mercury is not typically found in milk. It is commonly found in fish, old teething powders, quicksilver, and other sources.
Which of the following situations increase the risk of lead poisoning in children?
- A. playing in the park with heavy traffic and with many vehicles passing by
- B. playing sand in the park
- C. playing plastic balls with other children
- D. playing with stuffed toys at home
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Playing in sand at the park can increase the risk of lead poisoning in children because sand can be contaminated with lead particles from various sources such as old paint, industrial pollution, or leaded gasoline residues. When children play in sand, they may accidentally ingest the contaminated particles while handling or playing with the sand. This ingestion can lead to lead poisoning, as even small amounts of lead can be harmful to children's health. Therefore, playing in sand at the park poses a higher risk of lead exposure compared to the other activities listed.
Which of the following statements about fluid replacement is accurate for a client with hyperosmolar hyperglycemic nonketotic syndrome (HHNS)?
- A. Administer 2 to 3L of IV fluid rapidly
- B. Administer 6L of IV fluid over the first 24 hours
- C. Administer a dextrose solution containing normal saline solution
- D. Administer IV fluid slowly to prevent circulatory overload and collapse
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: For a client with hyperosmolar hyperglycemic nonketotic syndrome (HHNS), the correct statement is to administer 6L of IV fluid over the first 24 hours (option B). The management of HHNS focuses on correcting dehydration and hyperglycemia. The initial fluid resuscitation in HHNS aims to address the profound dehydration that occurs due to osmotic diuresis from hyperglycemia. The recommended rate is to administer 1 to 1.5 L/hour of IV fluid until the patient is hemodynamically stable and urine output is adequate. Administering fluid rapidly helps to address the hypovolemia and prevent complications associated with shock. Administering fluid too slowly may delay the correction of dehydration and lead to further complications.
A 9mo-old infant develops a left adrenal mass; histological examination with genetic characteristics confirms neuroblastoma. Which of the following carries a better outcome?
- A. amplification of the MYCN (N-myc) proto-oncogene
- B. hyperdiploidy
- C. loss of heterozygosity of 17q chromosome
- D. loss of 1p chromosome
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Hyperdiploidy is associated with a better prognosis in neuroblastoma.