Nokea
The client arrives at the emergency department reporting symptoms of heart palpitations, tightness in the chest, and epigastric pain after a stressful event. What system will the nurse correlate with the client symptoms?
- A. Respiratory system
- B. Autonomic nervous system
- C. Cardiopulmonary system
- D. Central nervous system
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The nurse is correct to correlate stress and the symptoms, which stem from organs affected by the autonomic nervous system. Clients may present with heart palpitations, pounding headache, breathlessness, tightness in the chest, chest pain, chronic pain, irritability, epigastric pain, abdominal discomfort and bloating, or constipation and diarrhea. The respiratory system is affected by stress, but the client's symptoms do not correlate to the respiratory system. The symptoms extend beyond cardiopulmonary system effects. The central nervous system is involved in only the brain and the spinal cord effects.
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What is the result of the appropriate use of coping mechanisms?
- A. Maintenance of psychobologic equilibrium
- B. Psychological growth
- C. Altered body functions or symptoms
- D. Restored biologic functions
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: When used appropriately and in moderation, coping mechanisms allow maintenance of psychological equilibrium and lead to psychological growth. Appropriate use of coping mechanisms does not alter body functions or symptoms or restore biologic functions.
Which of the following suggestions made by the nurse is most helpful in developing effective coping through the aging process?
- A. Make life decisions.
- B. Limit medication use.
- C. Avoid friends who are ill.
- D. Manage personal care.
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The nurse is correct to encourage the aging client to maintain a sense of control by making life decisions independently. Limiting medication use depends on the client's health. Avoiding friends can cause alienation. Managing personal care is helpful, if able, but not as important as making life decisions.
The nurse researcher and committee monitoring are working with in a research study administering study medications to study participants. If the nurse researcher is administering study medications in a double-blind study, who is knowledgeable of the specifics of the medication?
- A. The nurse researcher
- B. The study committee and research nurse
- C. The study committee, research nurse, and client
- D. The study committee
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: The study committee is knowledgeable about the study medications. The nurse researcher and clients are not aware of the components of the medication, being a therapeutic medication or placebo. Thirty percent of the individuals receiving a placebo experience a positive outcome.
What intervention should a nurse recommend for fostering effective coping skills and a sense of hardiness?
- A. Balanced diet
- B. Periodic checkup
- C. Nonprescribed sedative drug
- D. Daily exercise
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: A nurse should recommend a daily exercise program to reduce stimulating neurotransmitters and release endorphins and enkephalins. Diet and periodic checkups are not essential to foster effective coping skills and a sense of hardiness. It is essential for the client to avoid a nonprescribed sedative drug for self-treatment because it does not foster effective coping skills and a sense of hardiness.
The nurse is using a theory which includes positive reinforcement with rewarding client behavior in group participation activities. From which theorist is the nurse deriving these strategies?
- A. Sigmund Freud
- B. Erik Erikson
- C. Harry Sullivan
- D. B.F. Skinner
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: B.F. Skinner proposed the theory that adaptive and maladaptive behavior are learned and repeated because of rewarding reinforcement. The other theorists listed did not propose such a theory.