Nokea
The client asks the nurse to explain what it means that his Hodgkin's disease is diagnosed at stage 1A. Which of the following describes the involvement of the disease?
- A. Involvement of a single lymph node.
- B. Involvement of two or more lymph nodes on the same side of the diaphragm.
- C. Involvement of lymph node regions on both sides of the diaphragm.
- D. Diffuse disease of one or more extralymphatic organs.
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Stage 1A Hodgkin's disease indicates involvement of a single lymph node region without B symptoms (fever, night sweats, weight loss). Higher stages involve multiple nodes or extralymphatic sites.
You may also like to solve these questions
During the previous few months, a 56-year-old woman felt brief twinges of chest pain while working in her garden and has had frequent episodes of indigestion. She comes to the hospital after experiencing severe anterior chest pain while raking leaves. Her evaluation confirms a diagnosis of stable angina pectoris. After stabilization and treatment, the client is discharged from the hospital. At her follow-up appointment, she is discouraged because she is experiencing pain with increasing frequency. She states that she visits an invalid friend twice a week and now cannot walk up the second flight of steps to the friend's apartment without pain. Which of the following measures that the nurse could suggest would most likely help the client prevent this problem?
- A. Visit her friend early in the day.
- B. Rest for at least an hour before climbing the stairs.
- C. Take a nitroglycerin tablet before climbing the stairs.
- D. Lie down once she reaches the friend's apartment.
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Taking sublingual nitroglycerin before exertion (e.g., climbing stairs) prevents angina by dilating coronary arteries, increasing myocardial oxygen supply.
A 56-year-old female with lung cancer is undergoing a thoracentesis. Which of the following outcomes of the procedure are expected? Select all that apply.
- A. Treatment of recurrent malignant effusion.
- B. Diagnosis of underlying disease.
- C. Palliation of symptoms.
- D. Relief of acute respiratory distress.
- E. Removal of the cancer cells.
Correct Answer: B,C,D
Rationale: Thoracentesis diagnoses underlying disease (B), palliates symptoms like dyspnea (C), and relieves acute respiratory distress (D). It does not treat recurrent effusions or remove cancer cells.
A female client who has a urinary diversion tells the nurse, 'This urinary pouch is embarrassing. Everyone will know that I'm not normal. I don't see how I can go out in public anymore.' The most appropriate nursing diagnosis for this client is:
- A. Anxiety related to the presence of a urinary diversion.
- B. Deficient knowledge about how to care for the urinary diversion.
- C. Low self-esteem related to feelings of worthlessness.
- D. Unstuffed body image related to creation of a urinary diversion.
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: The client's statement reflects distress about the urinary diversion's impact on her appearance and social life, indicating a disturbed body image.
A client who underwent a left lower lobectomy has been out of surgery for 48 hours. She is receiving morphine sulfate via a patient-controlled analgesia (PCA) system. She tells the nurse that she has some pain in her left thorax that worsens when she coughs. The nurse should:
- A. I don't be silent, so that she is not stimulated to cough.
- B. Encourage the client to take deep breaths to help control the pain.
- C. Check that the PCA device is functioning properly, and then reassure the client that the machine is working and will relieve her pain.
- D. Obtain a more detailed assessment of the client's pain using a pain scale.
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: A detailed pain assessment using a scale clarifies the pain's severity and guides adjustments to analgesia. Silencing the client or encouraging deep breaths may worsen pain. Checking the PCA is appropriate but secondary to assessment.
The nurse is preparing to administer a unit of packed red blood cells (PRBCs). The nurse should
- A. obtain a bag of 250 mL of 0.9% saline.
- B. obtain a bag of 250 mL of Dextrose 5% in water (D5W).
- C. insert a 22 gauge intravenous (IV) catheter.
- D. initiate continuous telemetry monitoring.
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: 0.9% saline is required to prime the tubing for PRBC transfusions, as it is compatible and prevents hemolysis. D5W causes hemolysis, a 22-gauge catheter is too small for blood products, and telemetry is not routinely required.