Nokea
The client diagnosed with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease is being discharged and is prescribed the steroid prednisone. Which scientific rationale supports why the nurse instructs the client to taper off the medication?
- A. The pituitary gland must adjust to the decreasing dose.
- B. The beta cells of the pancreas have to start secreting insulin.
- C. This will allow the adrenal gland time to start functioning.
- D. The thyroid gland will have to start producing cortisol.
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Prednisone suppresses adrenal cortisol production; tapering allows adrenal glands to resume function, preventing adrenal crisis.
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The client diagnosed with adult-onset asthma is being discharged. Which medication would the nurse expect the health-care provider to prescribe?
- A. A nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory medication.
- B. An antihistamine medication.
- C. An angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitor.
- D. A proton pump inhibitor.
Correct Answer: None
Rationale: Asthma typically requires bronchodilators (e.g., albuterol) or steroids, not listed. None of the options are standard asthma treatments.
The client complains of leg cramps at night. Which medication should the nurse anticipate the HCP ordering to help relieve the leg cramps?
- A. Quinine, an antimalarial.
- B. Soma, a muscle relaxant.
- C. Ambien, a sedative-hypnotic.
- D. Darvon, an opioid analgesic.
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Quinine is historically used for nocturnal leg cramps, though off-label due to risks. Muscle relaxants, sedatives, or opioids are less specific.
A client is receiving digitalis. The nurse should instruct the client to report which of the following side effects?
- A. Nausea, vomiting, fatigue
- B. Rash, dyspnea, edema
- C. Polyuria, thirst, dry skin
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Nausea, vomiting, fatigue. Side effects of digitalis toxicity include fatigue, nausea, vomiting, anorexia, and bradycardia. Digitalis inhibits the sodium potassium ATPase, which makes more calcium available for contractile proteins, resulting in increased cardiac output.
You are caring for a hypertensive client with a new order for captopril (Capoten). Which information should the nurse include in client teaching?
- A. Avoid green leafy vegetables
- B. Restrict fluids to 1000 cc/day
- C. Avoid the use of salt substitutes
- D. Take the medication with meals
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Avoid the use of salt substitutes. Captopril can cause an accumulation of potassium or hyperkalemia. Clients should avoid the use of salt substitutes, which are generally potassium-based.
An adult is scheduled for a left cataract extraction. Homatropine and Cyclogyl eye drops are ordered. What is the expected action of these drops?
- A. Mydriasis
- B. Miotic effects
- C. Relaxation of eye muscles
- D. Prevention of infection
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Homatropine and Cyclogyl are mydriatics, dilating the pupil to facilitate cataract surgery.