Nokea
The client diagnosed with chronic renal failure (CRF) is prescribed a 60-gm protein, 2,000-mg sodium diet. Which food choices indicate the client understands the dietary restrictions?
- A. A 4-ounce grilled chicken breast, broccoli, and small glass of unsweet tea.
- B. A baked potato with chopped ham and sour cream, 12-ounce steak, and beer.
- C. A double patty cheeseburger, french fries, and saccharin sweet Kool Aid.
- D. A roast beef sandwich, potato chips, and soft drink.
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: A 4-oz chicken breast (≈28 g protein), broccoli, and tea are low-sodium and fit the 60-g protein, 2,000-mg sodium diet. Other options exceed protein/sodium limits with high-sodium foods (ham, cheeseburger, chips).
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Which symptom indicative of renal failure would the nurse expect to note when assessing this client?
- A. Anemia
- B. Hypotension
- C. Weight loss
- D. Fever
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Anemia is a common symptom of renal failure due to decreased erythropoietin production by the kidneys.
Which statement indicates the client diagnosed with calcium phosphate renal calculi understands the discharge teaching for ways to prevent future calculi formation?
- A. I should increase my fluid intake, especially in warm weather.'
- B. I should eat foods containing cocoa and chocolate.'
- C. I will walk about a mile every week and not exercise often.'
- D. I should take one (1) vitamin a day with extra calcium.'
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Increased fluid intake dilutes urine, reducing calcium phosphate stone formation, especially in warm weather when dehydration risk is higher. Cocoa/chocolate, minimal exercise, and extra calcium increase stone risk.
The nurse is developing a nursing care plan for the client diagnosed with CKD. Which nursing problem is priority for the client?
- A. Low self-esteem.
- B. Knowledge deficit.
- C. Activity intolerance.
- D. Excess fluid volume.
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Excess fluid volume is the priority in CKD due to impaired kidney excretion, leading to edema, hypertension, and heart failure risk. Fluid overload is a life-threatening issue, whereas self-esteem, knowledge, and activity intolerance are secondary.
The nurse is discussing how to prioritize care with the UAP. Which client should the nurse instruct the UAP to see first?
- A. The immobile client who needs sequential compression devices removed.
- B. The elderly woman who needs assistance ambulating to the bathroom.
- C. The surgical client who needs help changing the gown after bathing.
- D. The male client who needs the intravenous catheter discontinued.
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Assisting an elderly woman to the bathroom prevents falls and addresses immediate elimination needs, prioritizing safety. Removing SCDs, changing gowns, and discontinuing IVs are less urgent.
When asked about factors that are linked to bladder cancer, the nurse correctly identifies which factors? Select all that apply.
- A. Stress incontinence
- B. Frequent intercourse
- C. Sexual promiscuity
- D. Cigarette smoking
- E. History of prostate cancer
- F. Exposure to asbestos
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Cigarette smoking is a well-established risk factor for bladder cancer.