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The client diagnosed with endometriosis experiences pain rated a '5' on a 1-to-10 pain scale during her menses. Which intervention should the nurse teach the client?
- A. Teach the client to take a stool softener when taking morphine, a narcotic.
- B. Instruct the client to soak in a tepid bath for 30 to 45 minutes when the pain occurs.
- C. Explain the need to take the nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs with food.
- D. Discuss the possibility of a hysterectomy to help relieve the pain.
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: NSAIDs are first-line for endometriosis pain, taken with food to prevent GI upset. Morphine is excessive, tepid baths are less effective, and hysterectomy is a last resort.
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The client is diagnosed with breast cancer and is considering whether to have a lumpectomy or a more invasive procedure, a modified radical mastectomy. Which information should the nurse discuss with the client?
- A. Ask if the client is afraid of having general anesthesia.
- B. Determine how the client feels about radiation and chemotherapy.
- C. Tell the client she will need reconstruction with either procedure.
- D. Find out if the client has any history of breast cancer in her family.
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Discussing feelings about radiation and chemotherapy is key, as lumpectomy often requires radiation, while mastectomy may involve chemotherapy. Anesthesia fears, mandatory reconstruction, and family history are less relevant to the procedure choice.
The client is diagnosed with early cancer of the prostate. Which assessment data would the client report?
- A. Urinary urgency and frequency.
- B. Retrograde ejaculation during intercourse.
- C. Low back and hip pain.
- D. No problems have been noticed.
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Early prostate cancer is often asymptomatic, detected via PSA or DRE. Urinary symptoms, retrograde ejaculation, and pain are associated with advanced stages.
The client in the gynecology clinic asks the nurse, 'What are the risk factors for developing cancer of the cervix?' Which statement is the nurse's best response?
- A. The earlier the age of sexual activity and the more partners, the greater the risk.'
- B. Eating fast foods high in fat and taking birth control pills are risk factors.'
- C. A Chlamydia trachomatis infection can cause cancer of the cervix.'
- D. Having yearly Pap smears will protect you from developing cancer.'
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Early sexual activity and multiple partners increase HPV exposure, the primary risk for cervical cancer. Diet and birth control are not direct risks, Chlamydia is secondary, and Pap smears detect, not prevent, cancer.
The nurse is planning the care of a client diagnosed with pelvic inflammatory disease secondary to an STD. Which collaborative diagnosis is appropriate for this client?
- A. Risk for infertility.
- B. Knowledge deficit.
- C. Fluid volume deficit.
- D. Noncompliance.
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: PID from STDs increases infertility risk due to scarring. Knowledge deficit, fluid volume deficit, and noncompliance are less specific without evidence.
The client states that she examines her breasts in the shower and while lying down. The nurse recommends that the client should also inspect her breasts from which position?
- A. Bending from the waist
- B. Standing before a mirror
- C. Arching the back
- D. Leaning from side-to-side
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Standing before a mirror allows the client to visually inspect both breasts for changes in size, shape, or skin texture, which is a key component of breast self-examination (BSE).