Nokea
The client diagnosed with lung cancer is in an investigational program and receiving a vaccine to treat the cancer. Which information regarding investigational regimens should the nurse teach?
- A. Investigational regimens provide a better chance of survival for the client.
- B. Investigational treatments have not been proven to be helpful to clients.
- C. Clients will be paid to participate in an investigational program.
- D. Only clients who are dying qualify for investigational treatments.
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Investigational treatments (B) lack proven efficacy, requiring informed consent. Better survival (A), payment (C), and terminal status (D) are incorrect.
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A patient with COPD is reporting depression and thoughts of suicide. The patient states, 'I just feel like ending it all.' You assess the patient's health history and note that the patient was recently started on which medication that could cause this side effect:
- A. Atrovent
- B. Prednisone
- C. Roflumilast
- D. Theophylline
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Roflumilast is associated with psychiatric side effects, including depression and suicidal thoughts. Other medications (A, B, D) are less commonly linked to these effects.
Which specimen collection technique should the nurse use to correctly obtain the throat culture from the client?
- A. The nurse asks the client to expectorate sputum into a paper cup.
- B. The nurse wipes the inner mouth and tongue with gauze.
- C. The nurse swabs the throat with a sterile cotton applicator.
- D. The nurse collects saliva in a sterile culture cup.
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: A throat culture requires swabbing the pharynx with a sterile cotton applicator to collect a sample from the area most likely to harbor pathogens.
While withdrawing the suction catheter from a client's tracheostomy tube, which nursing technique is correct?
- A. Remove the catheter slowly.
- B. Push and pull the catheter.
- C. Plunge the catheter up and down.
- D. Twist and rotate the catheter.
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Removing the catheter slowly while applying intermittent suction ensures effective secretion removal without causing trauma.
Which of the following are typical signs and symptoms of pneumonia? Select-all-that-apply:
- A. Stridor
- B. Coarse crackles
- C. Oxygen saturation less than $90 \%$
- D. Non-productive, nagging cough
- E. Elevated white blood cells
- F. Low PCO2 of less than 35
- G. Tachypnea
Correct Answer: B,C,E,G
Rationale: Pneumonia typically presents with coarse crackles due to fluid in alveoli, low oxygen saturation from impaired gas exchange, elevated WBCs indicating infection, and tachypnea (G) as a compensatory mechanism. Stridor is associated with upper airway obstruction, non-productive cough is less common, and low PCO2 suggests hyperventilation, not typical.
To prevent the client with a head cold from developing a secondary ear infection, which recommendation is most appropriate?
- A. Sleeping with the head elevated
- B. Blaving the nose very gently
- C. Inserting cotton into the ears
- D. Massaging the area behind the ears
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Blowing the nose gently prevents excessive pressure in the Eustachian tubes, which can lead to fluid buildup and secondary ear infections.