Nokea
A patient presents with a pruritic, erythematous rash with edematous plaques and vesicles on the hands and fingers. The patient reports a history of exposure to detergents and frequent hand washing. Which of the following conditions is most likely responsible for this presentation?
- A. Atopic dermatitis
- B. Contact dermatitis
- C. Psoriasis
- D. Pityriasis rosea
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The presentation of a pruritic, erythematous rash with edematous plaques and vesicles on the hands and fingers in a patient with a history of exposure to detergents and frequent hand washing is most indicative of contact dermatitis. Contact dermatitis can be caused by direct contact with irritants such as detergents or chemicals, leading to skin irritation and inflammation. In this case, the history of exposure to detergents and hand washing suggests that the rash is likely due to irritant contact dermatitis. Atopic dermatitis, psoriasis, and pityriasis rosea do not typically present with the same pattern of rash in response to irritant exposure.
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Identify the primary indicator that Nurse Mary observes FIDELITY in the practice of her profession.
- A. Faithfully promotes health and prevents desease.
- B. Frequently assists in providing health services.
- C. Fairly evaluates health programs and initiatives.
- D. Collaborates and works with barangay officials.
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The primary indicator that Nurse Mary observes FIDELITY in the practice of her profession is that she faithfully promotes health and prevents disease. Fidelity in nursing practice refers to being faithful, loyal, and committed to providing the best care and services to patients. By faithfully promoting health and preventing disease, Nurse Mary demonstrates her dedication to her profession, her patients, and the community she serves. This commitment includes following evidence-based practices, upholding ethical standards, being honest and trustworthy, and ensuring the well-being of those under her care. Ultimately, fidelity in nursing practice builds trust and confidence among patients, families, and colleagues, leading to better health outcomes and a stronger healthcare system.
A 24-year-old woman presents with cyclic pelvic pain, dysmenorrhea, and dyspareunia. On pelvic examination, tender nodules are palpated along the uterosacral ligaments. Which of the following conditions is most likely to be responsible for these findings?
- A. Pelvic inflammatory disease (PID)
- B. Endometriosis
- C. Ovarian cyst rupture
- D. Uterine fibroids
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The symptoms of cyclic pelvic pain, dysmenorrhea (painful menstruation), dyspareunia (painful intercourse), and tender nodules along the uterosacral ligaments are classic findings associated with endometriosis. In endometriosis, tissue similar to the lining of the uterus (endometrium) grows outside the uterus, commonly on the ovaries, fallopian tubes, and pelvic peritoneum. The presence of tender nodules along the uterosacral ligaments is known as "nodularity" and is a characteristic feature of advanced endometriosis. It occurs due to the formation of endometrial implants that respond to hormonal changes during the menstrual cycle, resulting in inflammation, scarring, and pain in affected areas.
A woman in active labor is experiencing prolonged rupture of membranes (>24 hours). What complication should the nurse assess for in the mother and fetus?
- A. Intrauterine infection
- B. Fetal macrosomia
- C. Placental abruption
- D. Maternal hypotension
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Prolonged rupture of membranes (>24 hours) increases the risk of intrauterine infection for both the mother and the fetus. When the amniotic sac has been ruptured for an extended period, there is a higher likelihood of bacteria entering the uterus, leading to chorioamnionitis (inflammation of the fetal membranes due to infection). Intrauterine infection can be dangerous for both the mother and fetus, potentially causing sepsis, preterm labor, and other complications. Therefore, it is crucial for the nurse to assess for signs and symptoms of infection in both the mother and fetus when managing a woman in active labor with prolonged rupture of membranes.
Which of the following diagnostic tests is most appropriate for evaluating a woman with suspected cervical dysplasia?
- A. Pap smear
- B. Endometrial biopsy
- C. Colposcopy with biopsy
- D. Transvaginal ultrasound
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Colposcopy with biopsy is the most appropriate diagnostic test for evaluating a woman with suspected cervical dysplasia. Colposcopy is a procedure in which a special magnifying instrument called a colposcope is used to examine the cervix for any abnormal areas. If abnormal tissue is identified during colposcopy, a biopsy will be taken to confirm the presence of cervical dysplasia and determine the severity. This allows for a more accurate diagnosis and appropriate management of the condition. Pap smear, although a screening test for cervical dysplasia, may not provide a definitive diagnosis and may require further evaluation with colposcopy and biopsy. Endometrial biopsy and transvaginal ultrasound are not indicated for evaluating cervical dysplasia specifically.
A patient presents with chest pain that worsens with exertion and improves with rest. An electrocardiogram (ECG) shows ST-segment depression. Which cardiovascular disorder is most likely responsible for these symptoms?
- A. Stable angina
- B. Unstable angina
- C. Acute myocardial infarction
- D. Prinzmetal's angina
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The patient is presenting with chest pain that worsens with exertion and improves with rest, which is characteristic of stable angina. Additionally, ST-segment depression on ECG is a common finding in patients with stable angina. Stable angina is typically caused by coronary artery disease, which leads to partial obstruction of the coronary arteries resulting in inadequate blood flow to the heart muscle during periods of increased demand (such as exertion). The chest pain is usually predictable and reproducible, occurring with similar intensity and duration during episodes of exertion. Rest or nitroglycerin can help relieve the symptoms by increasing coronary blood flow. It is important to differentiate stable angina from unstable angina and acute myocardial infarction, which have different management and prognostic implications.