Nokea
The client diagnosed with osteoporosis asks the nurse, 'Why does smoking cigarettes cause my bones to be brittle?' Which response by the nurse is most appropriate?
- A. Smoking causes nutritional deficiencies, which contribute to osteoporosis.'
- B. Tobacco causes an increase in blood supply to the bones, causing osteoporosis.'
- C. Smoking low-tar cigarettes will not cause your bones to become brittle.'
- D. Nicotine impairs the absorption of calcium, causing decreased bone strength.'
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Nicotine reduces calcium absorption, contributing to bone loss in osteoporosis. Nutritional deficiencies are secondary, blood supply does not increase, and low-tar cigarettes still harm bones.
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The client is being seen in the clinic for a second-degree ankle sprain. Which treatments should the nurse plan?
- A. Rest, elevate the extremity, apply ice intermittently, and apply a compression bandage.
- B. Do range of motion to determine the extent of injury, apply heat, and check circulation.
- C. Use moist heat and then apply ice; check circulation, motion, and sensation; and elevate.
- D. Refer to an orthopedic surgeon, apply ice, give an analgesic, elevate, and encourage rest.
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: A. Rest prevents further injury and promotes healing. Ice and elevation control swelling. Compression with an elastic bandage controls bleeding, reduces edema, and provides support for injured tissues.
The nurse is preparing the care plan for a client with a fractured lower extremity. Which outcome is most appropriate for the client?
- A. The client will maintain function of the leg.
- B. The client will ambulate with assistance.
- C. The client will be turned every two (2) hours.
- D. The client will have no infection.
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Maintaining leg function is the primary goal for fracture recovery. Ambulation, turning, and infection prevention are interventions, not outcomes.
When preparing to meet with the parents and their 5-year-old child with autism, which behaviors should the nurse anticipate that the child might display?
- A. Polydactyly
- B. Leukoderma
- C. Poor eye contact
- D. Restricted interests
- E. Atypical language
Correct Answer: C,D,E
Rationale: Children with autism often exhibit poor eye contact, restricted interests, and atypical language patterns.
The client tells the nurse, 'My father is furious with me. He does not want me to ride a motorcycle.' Which response by the nurse is most appropriate?
- A. As they say, 'Father knows best.''
- B. I'll be sure it is a safe.'
- C. It can be frustrating when you disagree with your father.'
- D. I think you should obey your father's wishes.'
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Acknowledging the client's frustration validates their feelings without judgment, fostering therapeutic communication. The other responses either dismiss the client's emotions or impose the nurse's opinion, which is inappropriate.
While the client is waiting for the ankle to be X-rayed, which nursing measure is most helpful for relieving the soft-tissue swelling?
- A. Place a heating pad on the ankle.
- B. Apply ice to the ankle.
- C. Exercise the client's foot.
- D. Immobilize the client's foot.
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Applying ice is the most effective initial measure to reduce soft-tissue swelling by causing vasoconstriction, which decreases blood flow and fluid accumulation in the injured area. Heat may increase swelling, exercise could exacerbate the injury, and immobilization alone does not address swelling as directly.