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The client diagnosed with peripheral vascular disease is overweight, has smoked two (2) packs of cigarettes a day for 20 years, and sits behind a desk all day. What is the strongest factor in the development of atherosclerotic lesions?
- A. Being overweight.
- B. Sedentary lifestyle.
- C. High-fat, high-cholesterol diet.
- D. Smoking cigarettes.
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Smoking (D) is the strongest risk factor for atherosclerosis, causing endothelial damage and plaque formation. Obesity (A), sedentary lifestyle (B), and diet (C) contribute but are less potent.
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The nurse is planning care for a client diagnosed with arterial occlusive disease. Which exercise instructions would the nurse teach the client?
- A. Have the client perform isometric exercises 30 minutes each day.
- B. Tell the client to start exercising on a stair stepper for 15 minutes.
- C. Inform the client that warm-up exercises are not necessary.
- D. Teach the client to walk in well-fitting shoes on level ground.
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Walking on level ground in well-fitting shoes (D) promotes circulation in PAD. Isometric exercises (A) increase BP, stair steppers (B) are too strenuous, and warm-ups (C) are necessary.
The nurse is teaching a class to clients diagnosed with hypertension. Which should the nurse teach the clients?
- A. The blood pressure target range should be 120/80.
- B. Take the medication even when feeling well.
- C. Get up quickly when rising from a recumbent position.
- D. Consume a 3,000-mg sodium diet.
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Hypertension requires lifelong medication, even when asymptomatic (B). Target BP (A) is <130/80, rapid rising (C) risks orthostasis, and 3,000 mg sodium (D) is too high (aim <2,000 mg).
The nurse is caring for a client diagnosed with deep vein thrombosis. Which information reported to the nurse by the unlicensed assistive personnel (UAP) requires immediate intervention?
- A. The UAP informed the nurse the client is complaining of chest pain.
- B. The UAP notified the nurse the client’s blood pressure is 100/66.
- C. The UAP reported the client is requesting to be able to take a shower.
- D. The UAP tells the nurse the client is asking for medication for a headache.
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Chest pain in DVT (A) suggests pulmonary embolism, requiring immediate intervention. Hypotension (B), showering (C), and headache (D) are less urgent.
The client is diagnosed with a small abdominal aortic aneurysm. Which interventions should be included in the discharge teaching? Select all that apply.
- A. Tell the client to exercise three (3) times a week for 30 minutes.
- B. Encourage the client to eat a low-fat, low-cholesterol diet.
- C. Instruct the client to decrease tobacco use.
- D. Discuss the importance of losing weight with the client.
- E. Teach the client to wear a truss at all times.
Correct Answer: A,B,C,D
Rationale: Exercise (A), low-fat diet (B), smoking reduction (C), and weight loss (D) reduce AAA progression. Trusses (E) are irrelevant to AAA management.
The client with heart failure asks why they need to limit sodium intake. What is the best response?
- A. Sodium causes your heart to beat faster.
- B. Sodium makes your body retain fluid.
- C. Sodium increases your blood sugar.
- D. Sodium weakens your heart muscle.
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Sodium promotes fluid retention, which increases cardiac workload in heart failure.