Nokea
When a nurse commits an error in the progress notes the BEST action she should do is to
- A. cross the error many times to ensure it could no longer be road and sign
- B. delete the erroneous phrase Or sentence using correction fluid and sign.
- C. put a line across the sentence, make the correction over it and sign.
- D. erase whatever is in error using a rubber eraser and sign
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: The correct action in this scenario is to choose option C: put a line across the sentence, make the correction over it, and sign. This method is recommended because it maintains the integrity of the original record by showing what was initially written and clearly indicating the correction. By crossing out the error, making the correction, and signing the entry, the nurse acknowledges and takes responsibility for the mistake while ensuring the accuracy and transparency of the documentation.
Option A is incorrect as crossing the error many times can make the note illegible and may not clearly indicate the correction. Option B is incorrect because using correction fluid can make the note messy and may raise suspicions of tampering with the record. Option D is incorrect as erasing with a rubber eraser can damage the document and also raise concerns about the validity of the information.
In summary, option C is the best choice as it allows for a clear and professional correction without compromising the integrity of the progress notes.
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A patient expresses distrust in the healthcare system due to previous negative experiences. What is the nurse's best approach to rebuild trust?
- A. Dismiss the patient's concerns and assure them that the healthcare team is trustworthy.
- B. Listen actively to the patient's concerns, acknowledge their past experiences, and work to rebuild trust through transparency and reliability.
- C. Ignore the patient's distrust and proceed with providing care.
- D. Tell the patient that their distrust is unfounded and they should trust the healthcare system.
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The correct answer is B because actively listening, acknowledging the patient's concerns, and working towards rebuilding trust through transparency and reliability are essential steps in addressing distrust. By validating the patient's experiences and actively involving them in the process, the nurse can foster a supportive and trusting relationship.
Choice A is incorrect because dismissing the patient's concerns can further damage trust and undermine the patient's feelings. Choice C is incorrect as ignoring the distrust can lead to a breakdown in communication and trust. Choice D is incorrect because telling the patient to trust the healthcare system without addressing their concerns is dismissive and unhelpful.
A patient presents with fever, chills, headache, and myalgia after returning from a trip to sub-Saharan Africa. Laboratory tests reveal intraerythrocytic ring forms and trophozoites on blood smear examination. Which of the following is the most likely causative agent?
- A. Plasmodium falciparum
- B. Trypanosoma cruzi
- C. Borrelia burgdorferi
- D. Leishmania donovani
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The correct answer is A: Plasmodium falciparum. Plasmodium falciparum is the most likely causative agent because the patient's symptoms of fever, chills, headache, and myalgia, along with the presence of intraerythrocytic ring forms and trophozoites on blood smear, are characteristic of malaria, particularly caused by P. falciparum in sub-Saharan Africa.
Summary of other choices:
B: Trypanosoma cruzi causes Chagas disease, which presents with symptoms like fever, rash, and swelling at the site of entry, not consistent with the patient's presentation.
C: Borrelia burgdorferi causes Lyme disease, which typically presents with a characteristic rash (erythema migrans) and arthritis, not matching the patient's symptoms.
D: Leishmania donovani causes visceral leishmaniasis, which presents with symptoms like weight loss, hepatosplen
Which of the following is the RATIONALE for instilling eye drops to patients who had eye surgery?
- A. To help control the intra-ocular pressure
- B. To treat an eye infection
- C. To dilate the patient's pupils
- D. To constrict the patient's pupils
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Correct Answer: A: To help control the intra-ocular pressure
Rationale:
1. Eye surgery can lead to increased intra-ocular pressure.
2. Instilling eye drops can help reduce this pressure post-surgery.
3. Controlling intra-ocular pressure is crucial for proper healing and preventing complications.
4. Eye drops for infection (B) or pupil dilation/constriction (C, D) are not primary concerns post-eye surgery.
Nurse Mauve is now on ethical dilemma. This occurs when _______.
- A. a decision had to be made quickly under stress full situation
- B. choices are unclear
- C. there is a conflict between the nurse 's decision and that of his/her superior
- D. there is a conflict of two or more ethical principles
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: The correct answer is D because an ethical dilemma arises when there is a conflict between two or more ethical principles, leading to a difficult decision-making situation for Nurse Mauve. This involves weighing the benefits and consequences of each ethical principle to determine the best course of action. Choice A is incorrect as time pressure does not define an ethical dilemma. Choice B is incorrect because ethical dilemmas involve conflicting choices, not unclear ones. Choice C is incorrect as the conflict in an ethical dilemma is not necessarily with a superior but can be internal or with other stakeholders.
A patient with a suspected autoimmune disorder exhibits antibodies directed against self-antigens, leading to tissue damage and inflammation. Which of the following mechanisms is primarily responsible for the development of autoimmune diseases?
- A. Loss of self-tolerance
- B. Failure of innate immunity
- C. Defective T cell activation
- D. Impaired phagocytosis
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The correct answer is A: Loss of self-tolerance. This is because autoimmune diseases result from a breakdown in the immune system's ability to distinguish between self and non-self antigens, leading to the production of antibodies against self-antigens. When self-tolerance is lost, immune cells mistakenly target the body's own tissues, causing tissue damage and inflammation.
Choice B (Failure of innate immunity) is incorrect because autoimmune diseases are primarily driven by adaptive immunity rather than innate immunity. Choice C (Defective T cell activation) is incorrect as T cells play a critical role in the immune response to self-antigens in autoimmune diseases. Choice D (Impaired phagocytosis) is incorrect as phagocytosis is a mechanism primarily involved in the removal of pathogens, not in the development of autoimmune diseases.