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The client has just been diagnosed with binge eating disorder. Which statement by the client is most indicative of this diagnosis?
- A. I eat even when I am not hungry.
- B. I always feel guilty after I overeat.
- C. I have gained a lot of weight.
- D. I eat slowly but consistently throughout the day.
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Binge eating disorder is characterized by the inability to control overeating accompanied by a guilty feeling. Eating when not hungry is not specific to binge eating and is often a characteristic of compulsive overeating. Binge eaters eat very rapidly and often consume as much as 10,000 calories at one sitting. Many binge eaters are overweight as are compulsive overeaters.
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Clients with anorexia nervosa frequently use methods to avoid eating or to prevent weight gain. Which documentation most accurately describes the behavior of a client with anorexia?
- A. Client observed to move food around the plate arranged in various patterns.
- B. Client stares frequently into space and has to be prompted to participate in the mealtime conversation.
- C. Client talks about food likes and dislikes and reminisces about holiday foods.
- D. Client states feeling depressed and does not feel like eating right now.
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Clients with anorexia practice various rituals such as cutting food into small pieces and rearranging food on the plate without actually eating.
A client who is diagnosed with anorexia nervosa agrees to participate in a recovery program. Which comment by the client indicates the best understanding of the recovery process?
- A. Once I gain a few pounds, I will be fine.
- B. If I take antidepressants, my compulsive symptoms will resolve.
- C. Pulsive therapy could help me lose weight.
- D. I may need to work on this for the remainder of my life.
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Multiple biologic, psychological, and social factors influence the development of eating disorders. Recovery is considered a long and costly process, with fewer than 50% of clients achieving recovery over 5 years. Counseling and involvement in self-help groups for several years are often indicated. Because there is a link between eating disorders and obsessive-compulsive disorder, this may be a lifelong recovery plan. Gaining a few pounds is an appropriate first step to recovery. Antidepressants are often used to control the serotonin levels associated with anorexia.
A teenager is being seen in the outpatient clinic after a fainting episode at home. The client's body mass index (BMI) is 16, and she reports no menses for the past 3 months. Which additional assessment finding would the nurse anticipate?
- A. Absence of hair on arm and legs
- B. Tachycardia
- C. Clubbing of fingers and toes
- D. Complaint of temperature intolerance
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Severe malnutrition can result in temperature intolerance and feeling cold. Hypothermia is linked to the loss of subcutaneous fat. Lanugo may develop to assist in the maintenance of body temperature. Bradycardia is another physical symptom associated with anorexia nervosa. Clubbing of the fingers and toes is not indicated in eating disorders.
What is a true statement regarding anorexia nervosa?
- A. More men are affected with anorexia nervosa.
- B. Increased serotonin levels contribute to overeating.
- C. Clients consume 600 to 900 calories/day.
- D. Due to the psychological impact, clients with anorexia do not feel hungry.
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Not uncommonly, people with anorexia nervosa consume an average of 600 to 900 calories/day, often less. More women are affected than men. Increased serotonin levels contribute to restricted eating. They get hungry but control the urge to eat because of a morbid fear of becoming fat.
Eating disorders affect approximately 30 million people of all ages and genders in the United States. All are considered eating disorders except:
- A. Bulimia nervosa
- B. Binge eating
- C. Anorexia nervosa
- D. Obesity
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Obesity is not considered an eating disorder but may be caused by an eating disorder. Bulimia, anorexia, and binge eating are eating disorders.