Nokea
The client has the following vital signs: RR 16. BP 120/60. T 98.1 O2 sat 99 percent. Which number represents the client's systolic blood pressure?
- A. 16
- B. 120
- C. 60
- D. 99
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Systolic BP is the first number in a BP reading (120 mmHg), representing arterial pressure during ventricular contraction.
You may also like to solve these questions
The parathyroid hormone increases serum calcium and decreases serum phosphate. This consideration is:
- A. TRUE
- B. FALSE
- C. All
- D. None
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Step 1: Parathyroid hormone (PTH) increases serum calcium levels by stimulating bone resorption and kidney reabsorption of calcium.
Step 2: PTH decreases serum phosphate levels by promoting renal excretion of phosphate.
Step 3: Therefore, the statement that PTH increases serum calcium and decreases serum phosphate is true.
Step 4: Choice A is correct as it accurately reflects the actions of PTH.
Step 5: Choices B, C, and D are incorrect as they do not accurately reflect the effects of PTH on serum calcium and phosphate levels.
A client with severe depression has sleep disturbance and anorexia. The nurse’s planning will be enhanced by understanding that these symptoms may be attributed to dysfunction of the:
- A. Cerebellum
- B. Basal ganglia
- C. Hypothalamus
- D. Occipital lobe
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: The correct answer is C: Hypothalamus. The hypothalamus plays a crucial role in regulating sleep, appetite, and other basic functions related to survival. Dysfunction in the hypothalamus can lead to sleep disturbances and anorexia, as seen in severe depression. The other choices (A, B, and D) are not directly responsible for regulating sleep and appetite, making them incorrect in this context. The cerebellum is involved in motor coordination, the basal ganglia in motor control and habit formation, and the occipital lobe in visual processing.
Ramelteon (Rozerem) is prescribed for a patient with insomnia. The nurse checks the patient’s medical history, knowing that this medication is contraindicated in which disorder?
- A. Coronary artery disease
- B. Renal insufficiency
- C. Liver disease
- D. Anemia
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: The correct answer is C: Liver disease. Ramelteon is metabolized in the liver, so patients with liver disease may have impaired drug metabolism, leading to potential toxicity. Coronary artery disease (A), renal insufficiency (B), and anemia (D) are not contraindications for ramelteon as they do not directly affect drug metabolism in the liver.
When asked how tricyclic antidepressants affect neurotransmitter activity, the nurse should respond that they:
- A. Decrease available dopamine
- B. Increase availability of norepinephrine and serotonin
- C. Make available increased amounts of monoamine oxidase
- D. Increase the effects of the chemical gamma-aminobutyric acid
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The correct answer is B because tricyclic antidepressants work by blocking the reuptake of norepinephrine and serotonin, leading to increased availability of these neurotransmitters in the synaptic cleft. This helps to improve mood and alleviate symptoms of depression.
A: Incorrect. Tricyclic antidepressants do not decrease available dopamine.
C: Incorrect. Tricyclic antidepressants do not increase monoamine oxidase activity.
D: Incorrect. Tricyclic antidepressants do not specifically increase the effects of gamma-aminobutyric acid.
In summary, tricyclic antidepressants primarily increase the availability of norepinephrine and serotonin, not dopamine, monoamine oxidase, or gamma-aminobutyric acid.
Antiaggregants are used in disorders of brain circulation for:
- A. Stimulation of the metabolic processes in neurons
- B. Dilation of cerebral vessels
- C. Improving the microcirculation in cerebral tissue
- D. All the above
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: The correct answer is C: Improving the microcirculation in cerebral tissue. Antiaggregants are used in disorders of brain circulation to prevent platelet aggregation and improve blood flow in the microcirculation of cerebral tissue. This helps to enhance oxygen and nutrient delivery to brain cells, ultimately improving brain function.
Rationale:
A: Stimulation of the metabolic processes in neurons is not the primary purpose of antiaggregants. While improved blood flow may indirectly support neuronal metabolism, the main goal of antiaggregants is to prevent clot formation and improve circulation.
B: Dilation of cerebral vessels is not the main mechanism of action for antiaggregants. Although vasodilation can enhance blood flow, antiaggregants primarily work by preventing platelet aggregation rather than directly causing vessel dilation.
D: All the above is incorrect because the primary purpose of antiaggregants in disorders of brain circulation is to improve microcirculation in cerebral tissue, not to stimulate metabolic processes in neurons or