Nokea
Nurse Florence was asked by her Headnurse why she requested permission to enroll in the Graduate Program for the second semester. Her reply should be, EXCEPT:
- A. To have an impressive resume to enable her to be competitive
- B. Connect with people professionally
- C. Invest for the future
- D. Pursue her interest in Pediatric Nursing in more depth
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: The correct answer is D because Nurse Florence was asked why she requested permission to enroll in the Graduate Program for the second semester, not about her interest in Pediatric Nursing. A: Having an impressive resume to be competitive aligns with career advancement. B: Connecting with people professionally can lead to networking opportunities. C: Investing for the future implies long-term career growth. Therefore, D is the least relevant response to the question asked.
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Which of the following cell types is primarily responsible for presenting antigens to T cells during the immune response?
- A. B cells
- B. Natural killer (NK) cells
- C. Macrophages
- D. Eosinophils
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: The correct answer is C: Macrophages. Macrophages are antigen-presenting cells that engulf pathogens and present their antigens to T cells, initiating an immune response. They express major histocompatibility complex (MHC) molecules necessary for T cell recognition. B cells also present antigens but primarily to B cells for antibody production. NK cells are involved in killing infected cells, not antigen presentation. Eosinophils are mainly involved in allergic responses and defense against parasites, not antigen presentation.
Which of the following dental conditions is characterized by the wearing away of tooth structure due to friction from external sources such as toothbrushing or abrasive toothpaste?
- A. Dental caries
- B. Attrition
- C. Abrasion
- D. Erosion
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: The correct answer is C: Abrasion. Abrasion is the wearing away of tooth structure due to friction from external sources like toothbrushing or abrasive toothpaste. Dental caries (A) refers to tooth decay caused by bacteria. Attrition (B) is the wearing down of tooth structure due to tooth-to-tooth contact. Erosion (D) is the loss of tooth structure from acid attacks, not friction. Therefore, option C is the most fitting choice based on the description given.
Which of the following conditions is characterized by inflammation of the plantar fascia, resulting in heel pain that is typically worse with the first steps in the morning?
- A. Achilles tendinitis
- B. Plantar fasciitis
- C. Morton's neuroma
- D. Stress fracture of the calcaneus
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Plantar fasciitis is the correct answer. It is characterized by inflammation of the plantar fascia, leading to heel pain, especially in the morning. The plantar fascia is a band of tissue that connects the heel bone to the toes. The pain is usually worse with the first steps after resting.
Achilles tendinitis involves inflammation of the Achilles tendon, which connects the calf muscles to the heel bone, causing pain at the back of the heel and ankle. Morton's neuroma is a condition involving a thickening of tissue around a nerve in the ball of the foot, leading to sharp, burning pain in the toes.
Stress fracture of the calcaneus refers to a small crack in the heel bone due to repetitive stress or overuse, resulting in heel pain that may worsen with activity, but not specifically with the first steps in the morning.
Ms. Nena is specifically assigned to talk individually with community leaders like the primary grade teacher and the barangay official in charge of the health committee. Which data collection method will the nurse use?
- A. Key informant interview
- B. Participant observer
- C. Community mapping
- D. Social survey
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The correct answer is A: Key informant interview. Ms. Nena will use this method to gather in-depth information from knowledgeable individuals within the community. This approach allows her to gain insights and perspectives from key stakeholders, such as the primary grade teacher and barangay official, who have first-hand knowledge and experience. Key informant interviews are particularly useful for obtaining specific details, opinions, and insights that may not be easily accessible through other methods. In contrast, participant observer involves direct participation in community activities, community mapping focuses on spatial data collection, and social survey typically involves collecting data from a larger sample size rather than individual key informants.
Which of the following is a characteristic of qualitative research?
- A. Deductive process
- B. Fixed research design
- C. Control over the context
- D. Inductive process
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: The correct answer is D: Inductive process. Qualitative research typically involves an inductive approach, where researchers gather data, analyze patterns, and develop theories or hypotheses based on the observed data. This allows for exploration and discovery of new insights.
A) Deductive process is not a characteristic of qualitative research, as deductive reasoning involves starting with a hypothesis and testing it with data.
B) Fixed research design is not common in qualitative research, which often uses flexible and adaptive designs to accommodate emergent findings.
C) Control over the context is not a key characteristic of qualitative research, as it often involves studying real-world settings with natural contexts rather than controlled environments.
In summary, the inductive process is a key characteristic of qualitative research as it allows for exploration and theory development based on observed data, distinguishing it from deductive approaches, fixed designs, and controlled contexts.