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The client in the gynecology clinic asks the nurse, 'What are the risk factors for developing cancer of the cervix?' Which statement is the nurse's best response?
- A. The earlier the age of sexual activity and the more partners, the greater the risk.'
- B. Eating fast foods high in fat and taking birth control pills are risk factors.'
- C. A Chlamydia trachomatis infection can cause cancer of the cervix.'
- D. Having yearly Pap smears will protect you from developing cancer.'
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Early sexual activity and multiple partners increase HPV exposure, the primary risk for cervical cancer. Diet and birth control are not direct risks, Chlamydia is secondary, and Pap smears detect, not prevent, cancer.
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The nurse is discussing pelvic floor exercises with a client. Which information should the nurse teach?
- A. Perform the exercises four (4) times per day.
- B. The exercises will prevent stress incontinence.
- C. Contract the perineal muscles and hold for 10 seconds.
- D. Contract the abdominal and buttock muscles to increase strength.
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Kegel exercises involve contracting perineal muscles for 10 seconds to strengthen the pelvic floor. Frequency varies, they reduce but don’t prevent incontinence, and abdominal/buttock contraction is incorrect.
Which nursing task could be delegated to the unlicensed assistive personnel (UAP) for the client who had a total vaginal hysterectomy?
- A. Observe the color and amount of drainage on the client's perineal pad.
- B. Maintain a current intake and output for the client each shift.
- C. Provide the client with a plan of pharmacological pain management.
- D. Prepare the client for her discharge scheduled for the next day.
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Maintaining intake and output is within UAP scope, involving measurement and recording. Observing drainage requires assessment, pain management involves nursing judgment, and discharge preparation includes teaching, all inappropriate for delegation.
Which instruction is best when teaching the client about inserting vaginal medication?
- A. Place the applicator just inside the vaginal opening.
- B. Insert the applicator while sitting on the toilet.
- C. Instill the medication just before retiring for sleep.
- D. Put on disposable latex gloves before applying the drug.
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Instilling vaginal medication before sleep allows the medication to remain in the vagina longer, increasing its effectiveness.
In the early stages of BPH, the nurse expects the physician to monitor the progression of disease with which diagnostic test?
- A. A semiannual prostate-specific antigen (PSA) test
- B. An annual cystoscopy
- C. A digital rectal examination
- D. A retrograde pyelogram
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: A digital rectal examination is a primary method to monitor BPH progression by assessing prostate size and consistency.
The nurse correctly informs the client that the breast self-examination (BSE) technique involves palpating each breast moving in small concentric circles, following imaginary spokes in a wheel, or moving in rows from superior to inferior stress of the breast. Besides the breast, which other body area is essential to palpate?
- A. The axillae
- B. The sternum
- C. The clavicles
- D. The ribs
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The axillae (armpits) contain lymph nodes that drain the breast, and palpating this area is essential to detect any abnormal lymph node enlargement, which could indicate breast pathology.