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What is the treatment for an acute exacerbation of asthma?
- A. Corticosteroids and theophylline by mouth
- B. Inhaled bronchodilators and intravenous corticosteroids
- C. Prone positioning or continuous lateral rotation
- D. Sedation and inhaled bronchodilators
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The correct answer is B: Inhaled bronchodilators and intravenous corticosteroids. Bronchodilators help to quickly open up the airways during an asthma exacerbation, providing immediate relief. Intravenous corticosteroids help reduce airway inflammation and prevent further worsening of symptoms. Corticosteroids by mouth (Choice A) are not as effective as intravenous administration during an acute exacerbation. Prone positioning or continuous lateral rotation (Choice C) is not a recommended treatment for asthma exacerbation. Sedation and inhaled bronchodilators (Choice D) are not appropriate as sedation can depress respiratory function and worsen the condition.
You may also like to solve these questions
What must the patient must be able of in order to provide informed consent?
- A. Be capable of independent breathing.
- B. Have knowledge and competence to make the decision .
- C. Nod head to agree to the procedure.
- D. Both read and write in English.
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The correct answer is B because informed consent requires the patient to have knowledge and competence to make a decision. This involves understanding the risks, benefits, and alternatives of the proposed treatment. Choice A is incorrect as it pertains to a physical ability unrelated to decision-making. Choice C is incorrect as consent must be verbal or written, not just nodding. Choice D is incorrect as consent can be obtained in various ways, not specifically through reading and writing in English.
What nursing strategies help families cope with the stress of critical illness? (Select all that apply.)
- A. Asking the family to leave during the morning bath to promote the patient’s privacy.
- B. Encouraging family members to make notes of questio ns they have for the physician during family rounds.
- C. When possible, providing continuity of nursing care.
- D. Providing a daily update of the patient’s condition to the family spokesperson.
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The correct answer is B: Encouraging family members to make notes of questions they have for the physician during family rounds. This strategy helps families cope with the stress of critical illness by empowering them to stay informed and actively participate in the patient's care. By encouraging them to make notes, it promotes effective communication with the healthcare team and ensures that their concerns and questions are addressed promptly.
Other choices are incorrect:
A: Asking the family to leave during the morning bath to promote the patient’s privacy is not a helpful strategy for coping with stress as it may lead to feelings of isolation and lack of involvement in the patient's care.
C: Providing continuity of nursing care is important but may not directly address the family's coping mechanisms during a critical illness.
D: Providing a daily update of the patient’s condition to the family spokesperson is valuable but may not fully address the family's need for active participation and communication with the healthcare team.
The nurse is caring for a patient who has sustained blunt trauma to the left flank area, and is evaluating the patient’s urinalysis results. The nurse should become concerned when
- A. creatinine levels in the urine are similar to blood levels of creatinine.
- B. sodium and chloride are found in the urine.
- C. urine uric acid levels have the same values as serum levels.
- D. red blood cells and albumin are found in the urine.
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: The correct answer is D because the presence of red blood cells and albumin in the urine indicates possible kidney damage from the blunt trauma. This is concerning as it may suggest renal injury or dysfunction.
A: Creatinine levels in the urine being similar to blood levels is normal as creatinine is filtered by the kidneys.
B: Sodium and chloride being present in the urine is expected as they are components of urine.
C: Urine uric acid levels matching serum levels is common as uric acid is excreted by the kidneys.
In summary, the presence of red blood cells and albumin in the urine is abnormal and indicates potential kidney damage, making it the correct answer.
The nurse has identified an increase in medication errors in the critical care unit over the past several months. What aspect of medication procedures should be evaluated first?
- A. Adherence to procedures by nursing staff
- B. Clarity of interdisciplinary communication
- C. Number of new employees on the unit
- D. Changes in administration procedures
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The correct answer is A: Adherence to procedures by nursing staff. This should be evaluated first because medication errors are often caused by human factors such as staff not following proper procedures. By assessing adherence, the root cause of errors can be identified and addressed.
Choice B: Clarity of interdisciplinary communication may contribute to errors but doesn't directly address staff adherence to procedures.
Choice C: Number of new employees could be a factor, but focusing on adherence to procedures is more crucial.
Choice D: Changes in administration procedures may impact errors, but evaluating staff adherence is more immediate and directly related to errors.
Which statement about family assessment is false?
- A. Assessment of structure (who comprises the family) is the last step in assessment.
- B. Interaction among family members is assessed.
- C. It is important to assess communication among family members to understand roles.
- D. Ongoing assessment is important, because family funcatbioirbn.cinomg/ tmesat y change during the course of illness.
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The correct answer is A because assessing the structure of the family (who comprises the family) is not the last step in family assessment. The rationale is that understanding the family structure is essential at the beginning of the assessment process to identify key relationships and support systems. Assessing interaction among family members helps to understand dynamics and relationships within the family. Assessing communication is crucial to identify roles and patterns of interaction. Ongoing assessment is necessary as family dynamics can evolve throughout the illness. Therefore, A is false as family structure assessment is an important initial step, not the last step.