Nokea
The client is taking Flecainide for arrhythmias. What type of anti-arrhythmic medication is this:
- A. Class IB
- B. Class II
- C. Class IB
- D. Class IC
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Flecainide is a class IC anti-arrhythmic, strongly blocking sodium channels with minimal effect on repolarization.
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All of the following drugs are inhaled glucocorticoids EXCEPT:
- A. Triamcinolone
- B. Beclometazone
- C. Sodium cromoglycate
- D. Budesonide
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: The correct answer is C: Sodium cromoglycate. Inhaled glucocorticoids are used for asthma and other respiratory conditions. Sodium cromoglycate is a mast cell stabilizer, not a glucocorticoid. Triamcinolone, beclometazone, and budesonide are all inhaled glucocorticoids commonly used to reduce inflammation in the airways. It is important to differentiate between glucocorticoids and other types of respiratory medications to ensure proper treatment.
Hypertriglyceridemia denotes high blood levels of triglycerides. It has been associated with atherosclerosis, even in the absence of hypercholesterolemia (high cholesterol levels). This consideration is:
- A. TRUE
- B. FALSE
- C. All
- D. None
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The correct answer is A: TRUE. Hypertriglyceridemia is indeed associated with atherosclerosis, even without high cholesterol levels. Triglycerides play a role in the development of atherosclerosis by contributing to the formation of plaque in the arteries. High levels of triglycerides can lead to inflammation and damage to the arterial walls, promoting the development of atherosclerosis. Therefore, the statement is true. Choices B, C, and D are incorrect because they do not accurately reflect the relationship between hypertriglyceridemia and atherosclerosis as described in the question stem.
A group of medical students is planning to embark on a medical mission to a Third World country where mountain sickness is a possibility for them. Which of the following agents would be an appropriate prophylactic agent to take prior to the trip?
- A. Anticholinergic agent
- B. Carbonic anhydrase inhibitor
- C. Loop diuretic
- D. ß-Blocker
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Acetazolamide, a carbonic anhydrase inhibitor, prevents altitude sickness by inducing metabolic acidosis and increasing ventilation.
The client has hypertension. Which drug the client is taking has an effect on blood pressure?
- A. Dyazide
- B. Metformin
- C. Digoxin
- D. Warfarin
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Dyazide (triamterene/HCTZ) is a diuretic that lowers blood pressure by reducing fluid volume.
The physician prescribes haloperidol (Haldol), a first-generation antipsychotic drug, for a patient with schizophrenia who displays delusions, hallucinations, apathy, and social isolation. Which symptoms should most be monitored to evaluate the expected improvement from this medication?
- A. Talking to himself, belief that others will harm him
- B. Flat affect, avoidance of social activities, poor hygiene
- C. Loss of interest in recreational activities, alogia
- D. Impaired eye contact, needs help to complete tasks
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The correct answer is A because the symptoms of delusions and hallucinations are classic indicators of psychosis in schizophrenia. Monitoring improvements in these symptoms is crucial to evaluating the effectiveness of the antipsychotic medication. Delusions involve false beliefs, such as the patient talking to himself or believing others will harm him, while hallucinations involve sensory perceptions that are not real. Therefore, monitoring these symptoms will help assess the medication's impact on reducing the patient's psychotic symptoms.
Incorrect choices:
B: Flat affect, avoidance of social activities, poor hygiene - These symptoms are more indicative of negative symptoms of schizophrenia, which may not improve as rapidly or significantly with antipsychotic medication.
C: Loss of interest in recreational activities, alogia - These symptoms are also negative symptoms and may not directly reflect the improvement in psychotic symptoms targeted by haloperidol.
D: Impaired eye contact, needs help to complete tasks - These symptoms are not specific to delusions or hallucinations, which are the primary