Nokea
The client on amiodarone develops pulmonary fibrosis. What action should the nurse take?
- A. Notify the healthcare provider immediately.
- B. Continue the medication and monitor lung function.
- C. Discontinue the medication and start oxygen therapy.
- D. Reduce the dose and monitor respiratory status.
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Step-by-step rationale:
1. Pulmonary fibrosis is a serious side effect of amiodarone.
2. Immediate notification of the healthcare provider is necessary to address this potentially life-threatening complication.
3. The healthcare provider will need to evaluate the client's condition, consider alternative treatments, and adjust the care plan accordingly.
Summary of incorrect choices:
B. Continuing the medication without intervention can worsen the pulmonary fibrosis.
C. Discontinuing the medication is necessary, but oxygen therapy alone may not address the underlying issue.
D. Reducing the dose may not be sufficient to manage the pulmonary fibrosis and delaying provider notification can lead to further complications.
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Defibrillation is used immediately in cases of ventricular fibrillation or ventricular tachycardia. The reason for this is to
- A. completely depolarize all myocardial cells simultaneously
- B. decrease ventricular irritability
- C. increase ventricular irritability
- D. increase amplitude of the QRS complexes
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Synchronized depolarization restores normal rhythm.
What is a condition where the arteries that supply blood to the heart muscle become hardened and narrowed due to the buildup of plaque?
- A. Atherosclerosis
- B. Aneurysm
- C. Arrhythmia
- D. Peripheral artery disease
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The correct answer is A: Atherosclerosis. Atherosclerosis is the condition where arteries supplying blood to the heart become hardened and narrowed due to plaque buildup, leading to decreased blood flow and potential heart issues. Aneurysm (B) is the weakening and bulging of an artery wall, not related to plaque buildup. Arrhythmia (C) is an irregular heartbeat, not directly related to arterial blockages. Peripheral artery disease (D) involves narrowing of arteries in the limbs, not specifically related to the heart. Thus, Atherosclerosis is the most fitting choice for the given condition.
If Mr. Simpson begins to have pain that is worse with inspiration and relieved by sitting up, your assessment of his situation is that he has developed
- A. Myocarditis
- B. An extended infarction
- C. Cardiac cripple syndrome
- D. Pericarditis
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Pericarditis presents with positional pain and ECG changes.
What is a surgical procedure to redirect blood flow around a blocked or narrowed artery, often involving the use of a graft from another part of the body?
- A. Coronary artery bypass graft (CABG)
- B. Valve replacement
- C. Aneurysm repair
- D. Atherectomy
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The correct answer is A: Coronary artery bypass graft (CABG). This procedure is used to redirect blood flow around a blocked or narrowed artery by creating a bypass using a graft from another part of the body. Step 1: The blocked or narrowed artery is identified through diagnostic tests. Step 2: A graft, often taken from the chest, leg, or arm, is used to create a new pathway for blood to flow around the blockage. Step 3: This helps improve blood flow to the heart muscle, relieving symptoms such as chest pain and reducing the risk of a heart attack. Summary: B (Valve replacement) involves replacing a damaged heart valve, C (Aneurysm repair) deals with treating a weakened area in a blood vessel, and D (Atherectomy) is a procedure to remove plaque from arteries, none of which match the description provided.
What is a condition where the heart muscle becomes thickened without an obvious cause, leading to a reduction in the heart's ability to pump blood?
- A. Hypertrophic cardiomyopathy
- B. Dilated cardiomyopathy
- C. Restrictive cardiomyopathy
- D. Myocarditis
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The correct answer is A: Hypertrophic cardiomyopathy. In this condition, the heart muscle becomes thickened, affecting the heart's ability to pump blood efficiently. This is due to genetic mutations causing the muscle cells to grow abnormally. This leads to poor relaxation and filling of the heart, impairing its pumping function.
B: Dilated cardiomyopathy involves the heart muscle becoming weak and stretched, leading to reduced pumping ability.
C: Restrictive cardiomyopathy involves the heart muscle becoming stiff and rigid, impairing its ability to fill with blood properly.
D: Myocarditis is inflammation of the heart muscle, typically caused by infections or autoimmune conditions, leading to temporary reduction in heart function.
Hence, the correct answer is A as it specifically describes the scenario of a thickened heart muscle without an obvious cause impacting the heart's pumping ability.