Nokea
The client receives a prescription for sodium fluoride for otosclerosis and asks the nurse, 'What will this medication do for my ears?' Which response by the nurse is correct?
- A. Sodium fluoride prevents the breakdown of bone cells and hardens the bone in the ear.
- B. Sodium fluoride causes the breakdown of bone cells and softens the bone in the ear.
- C. Sodium fluoride blocks the effect of histamine and dries the fluid in the ear.
- D. Sodium fluoride causes the production of histamine and increases the fluid in the ear.
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The medication, sodium fluoride, retards bone reabsorption (prevents the breakdown of bone cells) and promotes calcification (hardening) of the bony lesions in the ear.
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The nurse is questioning the client about vision changes. Which symptom indicates that the client may be developing a cataract?
- A. Blurred vision, worsening at night
- B. Shooting pain in the back of one eye
- C. Increased frequency of headaches
- D. Seeing spots in the vision field of one eye
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The lens opacity from a developing cataract diminishes vision. Blurriness and decreased night vision are early symptoms. Shooting eye pain is often associated with a subarachnoid hemorrhage, not a cataract. Headaches are not associated with cataract formation. Floating dark spots in the vision field are associated with bleeding within the eye that occurs with detached retina.
The client with severe otitis media and mastoiditis is prescribed levofloxacin IV, 250 mg every 12 hours. The medication is diluted in 100 mL of NS. To deliver the antibiotic in 30 minutes, the nurse must infuse the solution at a rate of how many mL per hour?
- A. 200
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The rate of IV infusion is calculated as follows: 100 mL over 30 minutes equals X mL over 60 minutes. Thus, 100/30 = X/60, so X = (100 × 60) / 30 = 200 mL/hr.
An adult client is admitted for removal of a cataract from her right eye. Which of the following would the client likely have experienced as a result of the cataracts?
- A. Acute eye pain
- B. Redness and constant itching of the right eye
- C. Gradual blurring of vision
- D. Severe headaches and dizziness
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Cataracts cause gradual blurring of vision due to lens opacity, not acute pain, itching, or headaches.
The 65-year-old male client who is complaining of blurred vision reports he thinks his glasses need to be cleaned all the time, and he denies any type of eye pain. Which eye disorder should the nurse suspect the client has?
- A. Corneal dystrophy.
- B. Conjunctivitis.
- C. Diabetic retinopathy.
- D. Cataracts.
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Blurred vision and a sense of dirty glasses without pain suggest cataracts, common in older adults. Corneal dystrophy is rarer, conjunctivitis causes redness, and diabetic retinopathy involves floaters or spots.
The nurse is administering eardrops to a six (6)-year-old client. Which indicates the nurse is aware of the correct method for instilling eardrops to a child?
- A. Pull the pinna upward only to instill the eardrops.
- B. Pull the pinna to a neutral position to instill the eardrops.
- C. Pull the pinna upward and backward prior to instilling the drops.
- D. Pull the pinna downward and forward to instill the drops.
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: For children under 3, pulling the pinna down and back straightens the ear canal; for older children like a 6-year-old, down and back is still appropriate. Upward or neutral pulls are incorrect.