Nokea
The client recently has had a myocardial infarction. Which medications should the nurse anticipate the health-care provider recommending to prevent another heart attack?
- A. Vitamin K and a nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug.
- B. Vitamin E and a daily low-dose aspirin.
- C. Vitamin A and an anticoagulant.
- D. Vitamin B complex and an iron supplement.
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Low-dose aspirin prevents platelet aggregation, reducing MI risk, per ACC/AHA guidelines. Vitamin E lacks evidence for secondary prevention; other options are irrelevant or contraindicated.
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A client with anemia has a new prescription for ferrous sulfate. In teaching the client about diet and iron supplements, the nurse should emphasize that absorption of iron is enhanced if taken with which substance?
- A. Acetaminophen
- B. Orange juice
- C. Low fat milk
- D. An antacid
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Orange juice. Ascorbic acid enhances the absorption of iron.
While providing home care to a client with congestive heart failure, the nurse is asked how long diuretics must be taken. What is the nurse's best response?
- A. As you urinate more, you will need less medication to control fluid.'
- B. You will have to take this medication for about a year.'
- C. The medication must be continued so the fluid problem is controlled.'
- D. Please talk to your health care provider about medications and treatments.'
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: The medication must be continued so the fluid problem is controlled.' This is the most therapeutic response and gives the client accurate information.
The client diagnosed with diabetes insipidus is receiving vasopressin intranasally. Which assessment data indicate the medication is effective?
- A. The client reports being able to breathe through the nose.
- B. The client complains of being thirsty all the time.
- C. The client has a blood glucose of 99 mg/dL.
- D. The client is urinating every three (3) to four (4) hours.
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Vasopressin reduces polyuria in diabetes insipidus; urination every 3–4 hours indicates effectiveness. Nasal breathing, thirst, or glucose are unrelated.
The client who has had a kidney transplant tells the nurse he has been taking St. John's wort, an herb, for depression. Which action should the nurse take first?
- A. Praise the client for taking the initiative to treat the depression.
- B. Remain nonjudgmental about the client's alternative treatments.
- C. Refer the client to a psychologist for counseling for depression.
- D. Instruct the client to quit taking the medication immediately.
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: St. John’s wort induces CYP3A4, reducing immunosuppressant efficacy (e.g., cyclosporine), risking transplant rejection. Stopping it is the priority.
A 2-year-old child who weighs 33 pounds is to receive a total daily dose of 25 mg/kg of a medication. It is to be administered in three evenly divided doses. The label reads 150 mg/mL. How many milliliters will be injected per dose?
- A. 0.5 mL
- B. 0.83 mL
- C. 3.75 mL
- D. 155 mL
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: First, convert 33 pounds to kilograms: 33 ÷ 2.2 = 15 kg. Then, calculate daily dose: 15 × 25 = 375 mg. Divide by 3 doses: 375 ÷ 3 = 125 mg/dose. Finally, calculate volume: 125 ÷ 150 = 0.83 mL.