Nokea
The client should include all of the following in teaching an obese client about nutritional needs and weight loss except:
- A. knowledge of food and food products
- B. development of a positive mental attitude
- C. adequate exercise
- D. starting a fast weight-loss diet
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: When educating an obese client about nutritional needs and weight loss, it is crucial to emphasize a holistic approach that involves understanding food and food products, fostering a positive mental attitude, and incorporating adequate exercise. Initiating a fast weight-loss diet is not advisable due to potential health risks and lack of long-term sustainability. Therefore, this option stands out as the exception and should not be part of the client's learning. Choices A, B, and C are essential components of a healthy weight-loss plan and should be included in the client's education.
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A nurse is reviewing the medical record of an older client with presbycusis. Which finding would the nurse expect to note in the client's record?
- A. Difficulty hearing whispered words in the voice test
- B. Improved hearing ability during conversational speech
- C. Unilateral conductive hearing loss
- D. Difficulty hearing low-pitched tones
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Presbycusis, a sensorineural hearing loss, is the most common form of hearing loss in older adults. Typically, the loss is bilateral, resulting in difficulty hearing high-pitched tones. The condition is revealed when the client has difficulty hearing whispered words in the voice test and consonants during conversational speech. Choice A is correct because it reflects the expected finding in presbycusis. Choices B, C, and D are incorrect because presbycusis does not result in improved hearing ability during conversational speech, unilateral conductive hearing loss, or difficulty hearing low-pitched tones.
A teenager is preparing to care for a hospitalized teenage girl who is in skeletal traction. The teenager assists with planning care knowing that which is the most likely primary concern of the teenage girl?
- A. Keeping up with schoolwork
- B. Body image
- C. Obtaining adequate rest and sleep
- D. Obtaining adequate nutrition
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The correct answer is 'Body image.' Adolescents, especially teenage girls, are often preoccupied with their appearance and body image. When facing a situation like being in skeletal traction, which can affect their physical appearance, body image becomes a primary concern. Concerns about body image can significantly impact their self-esteem and emotional well-being. Choice A, 'Keeping up with schoolwork,' is important but typically not the primary concern in this context. Choices C and D, 'Obtaining adequate rest and sleep' and 'Obtaining adequate nutrition,' are crucial for overall health but are secondary to the significant impact that body image concerns can have on a teenage girl in this situation.
Client self-determination is the primary focus of:
- A. malpractice insurance.
- B. nursing's advocacy for clients.
- C. confidentiality.
- D. health care.
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Client self-determination is the primary focus of nursing's advocacy for clients. Nurses advocate for their clients' right to autonomy and self-determination, ensuring that the clients' preferences and choices are respected. Confidentiality, on the other hand, involves maintaining the privacy of the client and their information. Health care is a broad term encompassing various aspects of medical services. Malpractice insurance is a type of insurance that provides coverage for professionals in case of negligence or malpractice, not directly related to client self-determination.
According to Erik Erikson's developmental theory, which choice is a developmental task of the middle adult?
- A. Redefining self-perception and capacity for intimacy
- B. Making decisions concerning career, marriage, and parenthood
- C. Providing guidance during interactions with his children
- D. Verbalizing readiness to assume parental responsibilities
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: According to Erikson's developmental theory, the primary developmental task of the middle adult is to achieve generativity. Generativity is the willingness to care for and guide others. Middle adults can achieve generativity with their own children or the children of close friends or through guidance in social interactions with the next generation. Providing guidance during interactions with his children aligns with this developmental task. Choices A, B, and D are not specific to the middle adult stage as they are tasks associated with young adults. Redefining self-perception and capacity for intimacy, making decisions concerning career, marriage, and parenthood, and verbalizing readiness to assume parental responsibilities are all developmental tasks of the young adult according to Erikson's theory.
A nurse provides instructions to an older adult about measures to prevent heatstroke. Which statement by the client indicates a need for further instruction?
- A. I should wear cool, light clothing in warm weather.''
- B. I need to wear a hat with a wide brim when I go outdoors.''
- C. I need to wear additional antiperspirant and deodorant in warm weather.''
- D. I should drink extra fluids during the summer.''
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: As an individual ages, the number of sweat glands decreases, resulting in reduced body odor and decreased evaporative heat loss due to less sweating. The need for antiperspirants and deodorants is reduced in older adults. Therefore, the statement 'I need to wear additional antiperspirant and deodorant in warm weather' indicates a need for further instruction. Older adults should focus on wearing cool, light clothing in warm weather to prevent overheating, wearing a hat with a wide brim when outdoors to protect from the sun's rays, and staying hydrated by drinking extra fluids during the summer. These measures are more effective in preventing heatstroke in older adults compared to using additional antiperspirants and deodorants, which are not necessary.