Nokea
The client who is four (4) months pregnant finds a lump in her breast and the biopsy is positive for Stage II cancer of the breast. Which treatment should the nurse anticipate the HCP recommending to the client?
- A. A lumpectomy to be performed after the baby is born.
- B. A modified radical mastectomy.
- C. Radiation therapy to the chest wall only.
- D. Chemotherapy only until the baby is born.
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: In pregnancy, chemotherapy is often used for Stage II breast cancer after the first trimester to control disease while minimizing fetal risk. Lumpectomy or mastectomy is delayed until after delivery, and radiation is avoided during pregnancy.
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A nurse has been asked to teach ovulation and menstruation to a class of secondary school students. Place the events listed below in the order in which they occur in the menstrual cycle after menstrual flow ends. Use all the options.
- A. Ovum is released.
- B. Progesterone decreases.
- C. Endometrium begins to thicken.
- D. Ovarian follicle matures.
- E. Endometrium is shed.
- F. Corpus luteum forms.
Correct Answer: C,D,A,F,B,E
Rationale: After menstruation, the sequence is: endometrium thickens (follicular phase), ovarian follicle matures, ovum is released (ovulation), corpus luteum forms, progesterone decreases (if no pregnancy), and endometrium is shed (next menstruation).
The nurse enters the room of a 24-year-old client diagnosed with testicular cancer. The fiancée of the client asks the nurse, 'Will we be able to have children?' Which is the nurse’s best response?
- A. Your fiancée will be able to father children like always.'
- B. You will have to adopt children because he will be sterile.'
- C. You and he should consider sperm banking prior to treatment.'
- D. Have you discussed this with your fiancée? I can’t discuss this with you.'
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Sperm banking is recommended before testicular cancer treatment (e.g., orchiectomy, chemotherapy) to preserve fertility. Normal fertility is unlikely, sterility is not guaranteed, and discussing with the fiancée avoids privacy issues but is less proactive.
The client states that she examines her breasts in the shower and while lying down. The nurse recommends that the client should also inspect her breasts from which position?
- A. Bending from the waist
- B. Standing before a mirror
- C. Arching the back
- D. Leaning from side-to-side
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Standing before a mirror allows the client to visually inspect both breasts for changes in size, shape, or skin texture, which is a key component of breast self-examination (BSE).
The nurse is discussing pelvic floor exercises with a client. Which information should the nurse teach?
- A. Perform the exercises four (4) times per day.
- B. The exercises will prevent stress incontinence.
- C. Contract the perineal muscles and hold for 10 seconds.
- D. Contract the abdominal and buttock muscles to increase strength.
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Kegel exercises involve contracting perineal muscles for 10 seconds to strengthen the pelvic floor. Frequency varies, they reduce but don’t prevent incontinence, and abdominal/buttock contraction is incorrect.
When counseling a female client with a new diagnosis of genital herpes, which statement by the nurse is accurate?
- A. Have a Pap test done at least every 6 months.
- B. Avoid having vaginal intercourse for at least 6 months.
- C. If you take your medicine, you will not infect anyone else.
- D. Your infection provides immunity for any future children.
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Genital herpes infection may confer some immunity to neonates via maternal antibodies, reducing severe neonatal herpes risk.