Nokea
The client with a prosthetic valve asks why they need antibiotics before dental procedures. What is the best response?
- A. To prevent infection of the valve.
- B. To reduce bleeding during the procedure.
- C. To prevent pain during the procedure.
- D. To improve healing after the procedure.
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Antibiotics prevent bacterial endocarditis by reducing the risk of valve infection during dental procedures.
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The client with a left-sided mastectomy is diagnosed with elephantiasis of the left arm. Which signs/symptoms should the nurse expect to assess?
- A. Edematous arm from the axillary area to the fingertips.
- B. Painful, edematous, reddened lower forearm.
- C. Tented skin turgor over the entire left arm.
- D. Nipple retraction and peau d’orange skin.
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Elephantiasis causes chronic lymphedema, leading to arm edema from axilla to fingertips (A). Pain/redness (B) suggests infection, tented turgor (C) is dehydration, and nipple changes (D) are breast cancer signs.
Which medical treatment would be prescribed for the client with an AAA less than 3 cm?
- A. Ultrasound every six (6) months.
- B. Intravenous pyelogram yearly.
- C. Assessment of abdominal girth monthly.
- D. Repair of abdominal aortic aneurysm.
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Small AAAs (<3 cm) are monitored with ultrasound every 6 months (A). IV pyelogram (B) is irrelevant, girth (C) is not standard, and repair (D) is for larger AAAs (>5.5 cm).
The male client diagnosed with essential hypertension has been prescribed an alpha-adrenergic blocker. Which intervention should the nurse discuss with the client?
- A. Eat at least one (1) banana a day to help increase the potassium level.
- B. Explain that impotence is an expected side effect of the medication.
- C. Take the medication on an empty stomach to increase absorption.
- D. Change position slowly when going from a lying to sitting position.
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Alpha blockers cause orthostatic hypotension; changing positions slowly (D) prevents falls. Bananas (A) are unrelated, impotence (B) is possible but not expected, and empty stomach (C) is not required.
Which complication should the nurse monitor for in a client with pericarditis?
- A. Cardiac tamponade
- B. Pneumonia
- C. Renal failure
- D. Seizures
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Cardiac tamponade is a serious complication of pericarditis, where fluid accumulation compresses the heart.
Which finding should the nurse report immediately in a client with a deep vein thrombosis (DVT)?
- A. Warm, red skin over the affected area
- B. Mild leg pain
- C. Heart rate of 80 beats per minute
- D. Blood pressure of 130/85 mmHg
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Warm, red skin over the affected area may indicate worsening DVT or complications like thrombophlebitis, requiring immediate attention.