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The client with coronary artery disease reports chest pain. What should the nurse do first?
- A. Administer oxygen.
- B. Check vital signs.
- C. Give nitroglycerin as prescribed.
- D. Place the client in a supine position.
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Nitroglycerin is the first-line treatment for angina to relieve chest pain by dilating coronary arteries.
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The client with restrictive cardiomyopathy asks why they feel short of breath. What is the best response?
- A. Your heart cannot fill properly.
- B. Your lungs are inflamed.
- C. Your blood pressure is too low.
- D. Your heart rate is too fast.
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Restrictive cardiomyopathy impairs ventricular filling, reducing cardiac output and causing shortness of breath.
The client presents to the outpatient clinic complaining of calf pain. The client reports returning from an airplane trip the previous day. Which should the nurse assess first?
- A. The nurse should auscultate the lung fields and heart sounds.
- B. The nurse should determine the length of the airplane trip.
- C. The nurse should determine if the client has had chest pain.
- D. The nurse should measure the calf and palpate the calf for warmth.
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Calf pain post-flight suggests DVT; assessing for chest pain (C) rules out pulmonary embolism, a priority. Lung/heart sounds (A), trip length (B), and calf exam (D) follow.
The nurse is caring for a male client diagnosed with essential hypertension. Which information regarding antihypertensive medication should the nurse teach?
- A. Teach the client to take his blood pressure four (4) times each day.
- B. Instruct the client to have regular blood levels of the medication checked.
- C. Explain the need to rise slowly from a lying or sitting position.
- D. Demonstrate how to use a blood glucose meter daily.
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Antihypertensives cause orthostatic hypotension; rising slowly (C) prevents falls. Frequent BP checks (A) are excessive, drug levels (B) are rarely monitored, and glucose meters (D) are irrelevant.
The nurse is teaching a client with cardiomyopathy about implantable cardioverter-defibrillators (ICDs). Which statement is accurate?
- A. It will prevent all arrhythmias.
- B. It delivers a shock if a dangerous rhythm occurs.
- C. It replaces the need for medications.
- D. It requires replacement every 2 years.
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: An ICD monitors heart rhythm and delivers a shock to restore normal rhythm in life-threatening arrhythmias.
Which risk factor revealed in the client's health history is most closely related to the development of varicose veins?
- A. The client's mother also has varicose veins.
- B. The client was a track athlete in high school.
- C. The client is a 50-year-old corporate executive.
- D. The client smokes one pack of cigarettes daily.
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Varicose veins have a strong genetic component, so a family history, such as the client's mother having varicose veins, is a significant risk factor.