Nokea
The client with newly diagnosed type 2 diabetes mellitus is being taught about self-care management. Which of the following statements indicates a need for further teaching?
- A. I will rotate my injection sites to prevent skin damage.
- B. I can stop taking my medication if my blood sugar is normal.
- C. I should monitor my blood sugar levels regularly.
- D. I should follow a healthy diet and exercise regularly.
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The correct answer is B. Clients with type 2 diabetes mellitus should not stop taking their medication even if blood sugar levels are normal. This is because ongoing management is necessary to control blood sugar levels and prevent complications. Choice A is correct as rotating injection sites helps prevent skin damage and improves insulin absorption. Choice C is correct as regular monitoring of blood sugar levels is vital for managing diabetes effectively. Choice D is correct as following a healthy diet and exercising regularly are key components of diabetes management.
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Why is glucose an important molecule in a cell?
- A. Extraction of energy
- B. Synthesis of protein
- C. Building of genetic material
- D. Formation of cell membranes
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Glucose is a crucial molecule in cells because it serves as the primary source of energy through cellular respiration. Choice B, the synthesis of protein, is incorrect because proteins are typically synthesized from amino acids, not glucose. Choice C, the building of genetic material, is incorrect because genetic material, such as DNA and RNA, is not directly built from glucose. Choice D, the formation of cell membranes, is also incorrect as cell membranes are primarily composed of lipids and proteins, not glucose.
A male client with type 1 diabetes mellitus asks the nurse about taking an oral antidiabetic agent. Nurse Jack explains that these medications are only effective if the client:
- A. Prefers to take insulin orally.
- B. Has type 2 diabetes.
- C. Has type 1 diabetes.
- D. Is pregnant and has type 2 diabetes.
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Oral antidiabetic agents are specifically designed for type 2 diabetes mellitus. Type 1 diabetes requires insulin therapy as the primary treatment due to the absence of endogenous insulin production. Therefore, these medications are not effective for individuals with type 1 diabetes like the male client in this scenario. Choice A is incorrect as oral antidiabetic agents are not about preference but rather about treatment efficacy. Choice D is incorrect as being pregnant does not impact the effectiveness of oral antidiabetic agents; they are primarily indicated for type 2 diabetes.
A client with type 2 DM is prescribed metformin (Glucophage). The nurse should include which instruction when teaching the client about this medication?
- A. Take the medication with meals.
- B. Take the medication on an empty stomach.
- C. Avoid taking the medication if you miss a meal.
- D. Take the medication before bedtime.
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The correct instruction when taking metformin (Glucophage) is to take the medication with meals. Taking metformin with meals helps to reduce gastrointestinal side effects and improve absorption. Choice B is incorrect because taking metformin on an empty stomach can increase the risk of gastrointestinal side effects. Choice C is incorrect because missing a meal does not mean the medication should be avoided; the client should still take it with the next meal. Choice D is incorrect because there is no specific recommendation to take metformin before bedtime.
During a class on exercise for diabetic clients, a female client asks the nurse educator how often to exercise. The nurse educator advises the clients to exercise how often to meet the goals of planned exercise?
- A. At least once a week
- B. At least three times a week
- C. At least five times a week
- D. Every day
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Exercising at least five times a week is recommended to meet the goals of planned exercise for diabetic clients. This frequency helps in managing blood sugar levels effectively and improving overall health. Exercising once a week (Choice A) may not provide sufficient benefits or consistency required for diabetic clients. Exercising three times a week (Choice B) is better but may still fall short of the recommended frequency for optimal outcomes. Exercising every day (Choice D) may lead to burnout or overtraining if not properly balanced with rest days, which could be counterproductive for diabetic clients.
A client with DM demonstrates acute anxiety when first admitted for the treatment of hyperglycemia. The most appropriate intervention to decrease the client's anxiety would be to:
- A. Administer a sedative
- B. Make sure the client knows all the correct medical terms to understand what is happening.
- C. Ignore the signs and symptoms of anxiety so that they will soon disappear.
- D. Convey empathy, trust, and respect toward the client.
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Conveying empathy, trust, and respect can help reduce the client's anxiety and improve their overall experience during treatment. This approach creates a supportive environment and fosters a sense of safety and understanding for the client. Administering a sedative (Choice A) should not be the initial intervention for anxiety, as it does not address the underlying emotional needs of the client. Making sure the client knows all the correct medical terms (Choice B) may increase anxiety by overwhelming the client with technical information. Ignoring signs and symptoms of anxiety (Choice C) can lead to worsening distress and potential complications in the client's care.