Nokea
The client with RA has nontender, movable nodules in the subcutaneous tissue over the elbows and shoulders. Which statement is the scientific rationale for the nodules?
- A. The nodules indicate a rapidly progressive destruction of the affected tissue.
- B. The nodules are small amounts of synovial fluid that have become crystallized.
- C. The nodules are lymph nodes which have proliferated to try to fight the disease.
- D. The nodules present a favorable prognosis and mean the client is better.
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: RA nodules are granulomas, sometimes containing synovial fluid, due to chronic inflammation. They do not indicate rapid destruction, lymph node proliferation, or better prognosis.
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The nurse is planning the care for a client diagnosed with RA. Which intervention should be implemented?
- A. Plan a strenuous exercise program.
- B. Order a mechanical soft diet.
- C. Maintain a keep-open IV.
- D. Obtain an order for a sedative.
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: A keep-open IV ensures access for RA medications (e.g., biologics). Strenuous exercise worsens joints, soft diets are unrelated, and sedatives are not routine.
The client recently diagnosed with SLE asks the nurse, 'What is SLE and how did I get it?' Which statement best explains the scientific rationale for the nurse's response?
- A. SLE occurs because the kidneys do not filter antibodies from the blood.
- B. SLE occurs after a viral illness as a result of damage to the endocrine system.
- C. There is no known identifiable reason for a client to develop SLE.
- D. This is an autoimmune disease that may have a genetic or hormonal component.
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: SLE is an autoimmune disease with genetic and hormonal influences. Kidney issues are a complication, viral triggers are secondary, and the cause is partially understood.
The client with myasthenia gravis is undergoing plasmapheresis at the bedside. Which assessment data warrant immediate intervention?
- A. The client's BP is 94/60 and AP is 112.
- B. Negative Chvostek's and Trousseau's signs.
- C. The serum potassium level is 3.5 mEq/L.
- D. Ecchymosis at the vascular site access.
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Hypotension (BP 94/60) and tachycardia (AP 112) during plasmapheresis suggest hypovolemia or reaction, requiring immediate intervention. Negative signs, normal potassium, and ecchymosis are less urgent.
Which assessment data should make the nurse suspect the client has chronic allergies?
- A. Jaundiced sclera and jaundiced palms of hands.
- B. Pale, boggy, edematous nasal mucosa.
- C. Lacy white plaques on the oral mucosa.
- D. Purple or blue patches on the face.
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Pale, boggy, edematous nasal mucosa indicates chronic allergic rhinitis. Jaundice, oral plaques, and facial patches suggest other conditions.
The client diagnosed with Systemic Response Inflammatory Syndrome (SIRS) asks the nurse what the diagnosis means. Which is the nurse's best response?
- A. SIRS is a localized response to major trauma that has occurred within the last three (3) months.
- B. SIRS is a syndrome of potential responses to illness that has an optimum prognosis.
- C. SIRS is a respiratory response to the client having had a myocardial infarction or pneumonia.
- D. SIRS is a systemic response to a variety of insults, including infection, ischemia, and injury.
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: SIRS is a systemic response to insults like infection or trauma. It is not localized, has variable prognosis, and is not solely respiratory.