Nokea
The clinical features of subaortic membrane stenosis can include all, except
- A. Ejection systolic murmur
- B. Ejection click
- C. End-diastolic murmur of aortic regurgitation
- D. Low pulse volume
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: An ejection click is not typically a feature of subaortic membrane stenosis.
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The best test to confirm the diagnosis of tuberculosis is:
- A. Chest X-ray
- B. Sputum culture
- C. Skin test
- D. Blood culture
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Sputum culture is the gold standard for diagnosing tuberculosis, as it can identify Mycobacterium tuberculosis bacteria in a sample.
Recurrent Neisserial meningitis in children is suggestive of deficiency of ----- complement.
- A. C3
- B. C4
- C. C8
- D. All
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Recurrent Neisserial meningitis is suggestive of a deficiency in the terminal complement components, particularly C8, which is crucial for bacterial lysis.
Which is an important nursing consideration when chest tubes will be removed from a child?
- A. Explain that it is not painful.
- B. Explain that only a Band-Aid will be needed.
- C. Administer analgesics before the procedure.
- D. Expect bright red drainage for several hours after removal.
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: It is appropriate to prepare the child for the removal of chest tubes with analgesics. Short-acting medications can be used that are administered through an existing IV line. A sharp, momentary pain is felt. This should not be misrepresented to the child. A petroleum gauze, air-tight dressing will be needed, but it is not a pain-free procedure. Little or no drainage should be found on removal.
An infant aged 16 months was referred for assessment of suspected mental retardation. Which of the following findings is/are outside the normal range?
- A. He does not scribble spontaneously with pencil on paper
- B. He does not walk alone
- C. Ma' and 'Dada' are the only recognisable words
- D. He is unable to build a tower of four cubes
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Not walking alone by 16 months is a concern. Scribbling, limited vocabulary, and building towers are less concerning at this age.
Which is a major clinical manifestation of rheumatic fever?
- A. Polyarthritis
- B. Osler nodes
- C. Janeway spots
- D. Splinter hemorrhages of distal third of nails
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Polyarthritis, which is swollen, hot, red, and painful joints, is a major clinical manifestation of rheumatic fever. The affected joints will change every 1 to 2 days. Primarily the large joints are affected. Osler nodes, Janeway spots, and splinter hemorrhages are characteristic of infective endocarditis.