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The community health nurse determines that the average family income of a certain community is $67,000 per year with a range of $27,000 to $102,000. Based on this demographic information, which additional information is important for the nurse to assess?
- A. Characteristics of familles in the upper-middle class.
- B. The reliability of such a high average family income.
- C. The frequency of incomes above and below the average.
- D. Interventions focused on college-educated individuals.
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Assessing income distribution frequency reveals socioeconomic disparities, guiding targeted interventions to address the needs of both lower and higher-income groups within the community.
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A client who recently returned from international travel presents to the clinic with high fever, chills, headache, and muscular aches. The healthcare provider suspects severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS). To prevent transmission of the virus to others, which instruction is most important for the nurse to provide?
- A. Wear a N95 respirator mask during direct contact with others.
- B. Cover mouth and turn head when coughing
- C. Use meticulous hand washing technique.
- D. Discard all tissues used during coughing in a biohazard bag.
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: An N95 respirator mask is critical for preventing airborne transmission of SARS, offering superior protection compared to other measures like hand washing or tissue disposal.
A migrant farm worker who lives in a mobile home with several other workers visits the Migrant Health Care Center. The client reports Increasing episodes of dizziness, headaches, abdominal cramps, and difficulty breathing. Which nursing action has the highest priority?
- A. Gather information about the client's recent exposure to pesticides.
- B. Obtain a blood sample to assess for possible lead paint exposure.
- C. Ask about the length of his workday and frequency of rest breaks.
- D. Determine the number and age of persons living in the mobile home.
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Symptoms like dizziness and breathing difficulty suggest pesticide poisoning, a common risk for farm workers, requiring immediate investigation to guide treatment.
According to the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, which diseases are reportable infectious diseases? Select all that apply.
- A. Pediculosis.
- B. Bacterial conjunctivitis.
- C. Anthrax.
- D. Diphtheria.
- E. Tuberculosis.
Correct Answer: C,D,E
Rationale: Anthrax, Diphtheria, and Tuberculosis are reportable due to their severe public health implications, potential for outbreaks, and, in the case of anthrax, bioterrorism concerns. Pediculosis and bacterial conjunctivitis, while public health concerns, are not typically mandated for reporting to the CDC.
The school nurse who is reviewing immunization records of students who will start kindergarten within the next month notes that most of the students have only received one dose of the measles, mumps, rubella (MMR) vaccine. Which intervention should the nurse implement?
- A. Contact kindergarten parents to remind them that the second dose of MMR is due at the start of the school year.
- B. Send notices home with the children on the first day of class advising that MMR vaccine series must be completed.
- C. Note in student records that the second dose of the MMR vaccine should be administered prior to entering first grade.
- D. Speak at the next parent-teacher association meeting to teach parents the benefits of immunizing their children.
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Contacting parents before the school year ensures timely MMR second-dose administration, meeting school entry requirements.
Four students come to the school clinic simultaneously, seeking help from the school nurse. In which order of priority should the nurse provide care to these students? (Arrange the client with the highest priority first, on top, and lowest priority last, on bottom.)
- A. A 12-year-old child with history of asthma who is wheezing and reporting shortness of breath.
- B. A 7-year-old child who has type 1 diabetes mellitus and is experiencing extreme hunger and shakiness
- C. A 10-year-old child with bleeding lacerations on both knees after falling in gym class.
- D. A 5-year-old child who is crying uncontrollably because of an incontinent bowel episode.
Correct Answer: A,B,C,D
Rationale: Asthma exacerbation (A) is life-threatening, requiring immediate intervention. Hypoglycemia (B) is urgent to prevent complications. Bleeding lacerations (C) need prompt care but are less critical. Incontinence (D) is least urgent, focusing on comfort after addressing medical emergencies.