Nokea
The couple with the lowest risk of having a child with sickle cell disease is the one in which the:
- A. Father is HbS and mother is HbS
- B. Father is HbAS and the mother is
- C. Father is HbS and mother is HbAS HbAS
- D. Father is HbA and the mother is HbS
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: The correct answer is D because sickle cell disease is an autosomal recessive genetic disorder. The disease is caused by inheriting two copies of the abnormal hemoglobin gene (HbS). In choice D, the father is HbA (normal) and the mother is HbS (carrier). This combination ensures that the child will inherit one normal gene and one abnormal gene, making them a carrier like the mother but not affected by the disease. Choices A, B, and C all involve at least one parent who carries the HbS gene, increasing the risk of the child having sickle cell disease.
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The nurse is gathering data on a patient. Which data will the nurse report as objective data?
- A. States “doesn’t feel good”
- B. Reports a headache
- C. Respirations 16
- D. Nauseated
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Objective data are measurable and observable, such as vital signs. Respirations of 16 are a specific numerical measurement that can be quantified. This makes choice C the correct answer as it is factual and quantifiable. Choices A, B, and D are subjective data, as they rely on the patient's feelings or experiences, which are open to interpretation and not measurable. Therefore, the nurse should report choice C as objective data as it provides concrete information for assessment and decision-making.
The nurse caring for an adult client. The nurse will need to monitor for which of the following metabolic complications?
- A. hypoglycemia and hypercalcemia
- B. hyperglycemia and hyperkalemia
- C. hyperglycemia and Hypokalemia
- D. hyperkalemia and hypercalcemia
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: The correct answer is C, hyperglycemia and hypokalemia. Hyperglycemia can occur in adult clients due to various factors such as diabetes or stress. Hypokalemia can be a consequence of hyperglycemia or other conditions leading to potassium loss. Monitoring for these metabolic complications is essential to ensure the client's well-being. Other choices are incorrect because hypoglycemia and hypercalcemia (choice A) are less likely to occur concurrently in adult clients. Hyperglycemia and hyperkalemia (choice B) are less common as hyperkalemia is usually associated with renal dysfunction. Hyperkalemia and hypercalcemia (choice D) are less likely to be monitored together as they are not commonly seen in the same clinical context.
. Which of the following laboratory test results would suggest to the nurse that a client has a corticotrophin- secreting pituitary adenoma?
- A. High corticotropin and low cortisol levels
- B. high corticotropin and high cortisol levels
- C. Low corticotropin and high cortisol levels
- D. Low corticotropin and low cortisol levels
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Step-by-step rationale:
1. Corticotropin-secreting pituitary adenoma leads to excess adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH) production.
2. High corticotropin levels would be expected due to the adenoma's overproduction.
3. The high cortisol levels occur as a result of increased ACTH stimulating cortisol release from the adrenal glands.
4. Therefore, choice B (high corticotropin and high cortisol levels) is the correct answer.
Summary:
- Choice A is incorrect because low cortisol levels would not be expected in a client with a corticotrophin-secreting pituitary adenoma.
- Choice C is incorrect because low corticotropin levels would not align with the excessive ACTH production from the adenoma.
- Choice D is incorrect as both low corticotropin and low cortisol levels would not be consistent with the pathophysiology of a corticotrophin-secreting pituitary adenoma.
A client is admitted to an acute care facility with a myocardial infarction. During the admission history, the nurse learns that the client also has hypertension and progressive systemic sclerosis. For a client with this disease, the nurse is most likely to formulate which nursing diagnosis?
- A. Risk for impaired skin integrity
- B. Imbalanced nutrition: Risk for more than
- C. Constipation body requirements
- D. Ineffective thermoregulation
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The correct answer is A: Risk for impaired skin integrity. Myocardial infarction, hypertension, and progressive systemic sclerosis can lead to impaired circulation and skin breakdown. Clients with these conditions are at risk for pressure ulcers due to decreased blood flow and compromised skin integrity. The other options, B: Imbalanced nutrition, C: Constipation, and D: Ineffective thermoregulation, do not directly relate to the client's conditions or the potential complications associated with them. Therefore, the most appropriate nursing diagnosis for this client would be A: Risk for impaired skin integrity.
The spouse of a client with gastric cancer expresses concern that the couple’s children may develop this type of cancer when they’re older. When reviewing risk factors for gastric cancer with the client and family, the nurse explains that a certain blood type increases the risk by 10%. The nurse is referring to:
- A. Type A
- B. Type AB
- C. Type B
- D. Type O
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Step 1: Type A blood has been associated with a slightly higher risk of developing gastric cancer compared to other blood types.
Step 2: The nurse mentioned a 10% increase in risk, which aligns with the increased risk associated with Type A blood.
Step 3: Type AB and Type B blood do not have the same increased risk for gastric cancer as Type A blood.
Step 4: Type O blood is actually associated with a lower risk of gastric cancer compared to Type A blood.
Step 5: Therefore, the correct answer is A: Type A blood.