Nokea
The creation of asylums during the 1800s was meant to
- A. Improve treatment of mental disorders.
- B. Provide food and shelter for the mentally ill.
- C. Punish people with mental illness who were believed to be possessed.
- D. Remove dangerous people with mental illness from the community.
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The asylum was meant to be a safe haven with food, shelter, and humane treatment for the mentally ill.
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The legislation enacted in 1963 was largely responsible for which of the following shifts in care for the mentally ill?
- A. The widespread use of community-based services
- B. The advancement in pharmacotherapies
- C. Improved rights for clients in long-term institutional care
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The Community Mental Health Centers Construction Act of 1963 accomplished the release of individuals from long-term stays in state institutions, the decrease in admissions to hospitals, and the development of community-based services as an alternative to hospital care.
The nurse is assessing the factors contributing to the well-being of a newly admitted client. Which of the following would the nurse identify as having a positive impact on the individual's mental health?
- A. Not needing others for companionship
- B. The ability to effectively manage stress
- C. A family history of mental illness
- D. Striving for total self-reliance
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Individual factors influencing mental health include biologic makeup, autonomy, independence, self-esteem, capacity for growth, vitality, ability to find meaning in life, emotional resilience or hardiness, sense of belonging, reality orientation, and coping or stress management abilities. Interpersonal factors such as intimacy and a balance of separateness and connectedness are both needed for good mental health, and therefore a healthy person would need others for companionship. A family history of mental illness could relate to the biologic makeup of an individual, which may have a negative impact on an individual's mental health, as well as a negative impact on an individual's interpersonal and social/cultural factors of health. Total self-reliance is not possible, and a positive social/cultural factor is access to adequate resources.
Before the period of the enlightenment, treatment of the mentally ill included
- A. Creating large institutions to provide custodial care.
- B. Focusing on religious education to improve their souls.
- C. Placing the mentally ill on display for the public's amusement.
- D. Providing a safe refuge or haven offering protection.
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: In 1775, visitors at St. Mary's of Bethlehem were charged a fee for viewing and ridiculing the mentally ill, who were seen as animals, less than human. Custodial care was not often provided, and primitive beliefs often led to harsh treatments like exorcisms or witch hunts.
Which is a positive aspect of treating clients with mental illness in a community-based care?
- A. You will not be allowed to go out with your friends while in the program.
- B. You will have to have supervision when you want to go anywhere else in the community.
- C. You will be able to live in your own home while you still see a therapist regularly.
- D. You will have someone in your home at all times to ask questions if you have any concerns.
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Clients can remain in their communities, maintain contact with family and friends, and enjoy personal freedom that is not possible in an institution. Full-time home care is not included in community-based programs.
Which of the following is a standard of professional performance?
- A. Assessment
- B. Education
- C. Planning
- D. Implementation
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Education is a standard of professional performance. Other standards of professional performance include the quality of practice, professional practice evaluation, collegiality, collaboration, ethics, research, resource utilization, and leadership. Assessment, planning, and implementation are components of the nursing process, not standards of professional performance.