Nokea
The day after having a radical prostatectomy, your client has many blood clots in the urinary catheter and states he has frequent bladder spasms. You notice occasional urine leakage around the catheter at the urinary meatus. The client says that his right calf is sore and complains that he feels short of breath. Which action will you take first?
- A. Irrigate the catheter with 50 mL of sterile saline.
- B. Administer oxybutynin (Ditropan) 5 mg orally.
- C. Dorsiflex the foot to check for Homans' sign.
- D. Obtain an oxygen saturation using pulse oximetry.
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Shortness of breath and calf soreness suggest a pulmonary embolism; obtaining oxygen saturation is critical.
You may also like to solve these questions
Seven days after ovulation, pituitary secretion of luteinizing hormone (LH) decreases rapidly. What is the cause of this decrease in secretion?
- A. The anterior pituitary gland becomes unresponsive to the stimulatory effect of gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH)
- B. Estrogen from the developing follicles exerts a feedback inhibition on the hypothalamus
- C. The rise in body temperature inhibits hypothalamic release of GnRH
- D. Secretion of estrogen and progesterone by the corpus luteum suppresses hypothalamic secretion of GnRH and pituitary secretion of LH
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Step 1: After ovulation, the follicle transforms into the corpus luteum.
Step 2: The corpus luteum secretes estrogen and progesterone.
Step 3: Estrogen and progesterone exert negative feedback on the hypothalamus.
Step 4: This inhibits the secretion of GnRH from the hypothalamus.
Step 5: Decreased GnRH leads to reduced LH secretion from the pituitary.
Therefore, the correct answer is D because the secretion of estrogen and progesterone by the corpus luteum suppresses the hypothalamic secretion of GnRH, resulting in decreased pituitary LH secretion.
Summary:
A: Incorrect. The anterior pituitary gland's responsiveness to GnRH is not the cause of the decrease in LH secretion.
B: Incorrect. Estrogen exerts negative feedback on the hypothalamus, not the pituitary.
C: Incorrect. Rise in body temperature does not directly inhibit GnRH secretion
Which cell has been fertilized by a sperm cell?
- A. primary oocyte
- B. secondary oocyte
- C. ovum
- D. oogonia
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: The correct answer is C (ovum) because the ovum is the mature and fertilized egg cell resulting from the fusion of a sperm cell and an egg cell during fertilization. The primary oocyte (A) is an immature egg cell that has not undergone fertilization. The secondary oocyte (B) is the egg cell released during ovulation but has not yet been fertilized. Oogonia (D) are the precursor cells that give rise to primary oocytes through the process of oogenesis. Therefore, the ovum is the only choice that accurately represents a fertilized egg cell.
The development strategy where the young develop within their mother's uterus and obtain nourishment from the mother via placenta is best described as
- A. Oviparity.
- B. Viviparity.
- C. Semelparity.
- D. Ovoviviparity.
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The correct answer is B: Viviparity. Viviparity refers to the development strategy where young develop within the mother's uterus and receive nourishment through the placenta. This is the best description for the scenario provided.
A: Oviparity involves laying eggs externally.
C: Semelparity is a reproductive strategy where an organism reproduces only once in its lifetime.
D: Ovoviviparity is a combination of oviparity and viviparity, where eggs are retained within the mother's body until they hatch.
The cell labeled H in the figure secretes which of the following hormones?
- A. renin
- B. progesterone
- C. aldosterone
- D. estrogen
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: The correct answer is C: aldosterone. The cell labeled H is located in the adrenal gland zona glomerulosa, which secretes aldosterone. Aldosterone regulates electrolyte balance by increasing reabsorption of sodium and water in the kidneys. Renin (A) is secreted by the juxtaglomerular cells, progesterone (B) is produced by the ovaries and adrenal glands, and estrogen (D) is produced by the ovaries and placenta. None of these hormones are secreted by the cell labeled H.
Which structure is the site of sperm production?
- A. Vas deferens
- B. Seminiferous tubules
- C. Albuginea
- D. Epididymis
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The correct answer is B: Seminiferous tubules. These tubules are located within the testes and are the specific structures where sperm production occurs through a process called spermatogenesis. Sperm cells are produced within the seminiferous tubules and then mature as they move through the epididymis (choice D) and vas deferens (choice A). The albuginea (choice C) is the tough outer covering of the testes and does not play a direct role in sperm production. Therefore, the seminiferous tubules are the primary site for sperm production in the male reproductive system.