Anatomy and Physiology of Pregnancy

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The decrease in systemic vascular resistance aids in decreasing which physiological measure?

  • A. Cardiac output
  • B. Pulse rate
  • C. Renal blood flow
  • D. Blood pressure
Correct Answer: D

Rationale: The decrease in systemic vascular resistance leads to a decrease in blood pressure for the following reasons: 1. Vasodilation reduces resistance to blood flow in the blood vessels, lowering overall pressure. 2. As resistance decreases, the heart doesn't have to work as hard to pump blood, resulting in a decrease in blood pressure. 3. Lower resistance allows blood to flow more easily, reducing pressure on the arterial walls. The other choices are incorrect because: A: Decreasing systemic vascular resistance would typically increase cardiac output, not decrease it. B: Pulse rate is primarily affected by factors like sympathetic nervous system activity and not directly by changes in vascular resistance. C: Renal blood flow is more influenced by factors like renal artery pressure and hormonal regulation, rather than changes in systemic vascular resistance.

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During sexual intercourse, the sperm cells then enter the uterus though the and travel to the egg tubes:

  • A. Cervix
  • B. Fallopian tubes
  • C. Ovaries
  • D. Mammary glands
Correct Answer: A

Rationale: Sperm enters the uterus through the cervix and travels to the fallopian tubes to reach the egg.

Cardiovascular system changes occur during pregnancy. Which finding would be considered normal for a woman in her second trimester?

  • A. Less audible heart sounds (S1, S2)
  • B. Increased pulse rate
  • C. Increased blood pressure
  • D. Decreased red blood cell (RBC) production
Correct Answer: B

Rationale: Between 14 and 20 weeks of gestation, the pulse increases about 10 to 15 beats/min, which persists to term.

What is the physiologic reason for vascular volume increasing by 40% to 60% during pregnancy?

  • A. Prevents maternal and fetal dehydration
  • B. Eliminates metabolic wastes of the mother
  • C. Provides adequate perfusion of the placenta
  • D. Compensates for decreased renal plasma flow
Correct Answer: C

Rationale: The correct answer is C: Provides adequate perfusion of the placenta. During pregnancy, the increased vascular volume ensures sufficient blood flow to the placenta, supplying oxygen and nutrients to the developing fetus. This is crucial for fetal growth and development. The other choices are incorrect because:
A: Preventing maternal and fetal dehydration is not the main reason for the significant increase in vascular volume during pregnancy.
B: Eliminating metabolic wastes of the mother does not require such a substantial increase in vascular volume.
D: Compensating for decreased renal plasma flow is not the primary physiologic reason for the vascular volume expansion during pregnancy.

A woman who has completed one pregnancy with a fetus (or fetuses) reaching the stage of fetal viability is called a:

  • A. primipar
  • B. primigravida
  • C. multipara
  • D. nulligravida.
Correct Answer: A

Rationale: The correct answer is A: primipar. A primipar refers to a woman who has completed one pregnancy with a fetus reaching the stage of fetal viability. This term specifically indicates that the woman has given birth to at least one viable fetus.

Explanation:
1. Primipar specifically refers to the number of completed pregnancies, indicating one pregnancy with a viable fetus.
2. Primigravida (B) refers to a woman who is pregnant for the first time and has not yet given birth.
3. Multipara (C) refers to a woman who has completed two or more pregnancies resulting in viable offspring.
4. Nulligravida (D) refers to a woman who has never been pregnant.

In summary, the correct answer, primipar, is the most accurate term to describe a woman who has completed one pregnancy with a fetus reaching the stage of fetal viability, distinguishing her from the other choices.

The ovaries are:

  • A. Located in the male reproductive system
  • B. A pair of small glands about the size and shape of almonds
  • C. Long tubes connecting the vagina to the cervix
  • D. Large elongated muscles found in the female bladder
Correct Answer: B

Rationale: The ovaries are small, almond-shaped glands responsible for producing eggs and hormones like estrogen and progesterone.

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