Chronic Disease Questions

Chronic Disease Questions Related

Review Chronic Disease Questions related questions and content

The definition of Chronic Heart Failure is:

  • A. Failure of the heart to adequately pump blood to the body.
  • B. Long-term inability of the heart to meet metabolic demands required to maintain homeostasis.
  • C. Prolonged enlargement of the left ventricle impacting on the contractility of the muscle.
  • D. Long term fluid build-up, causing increase in blood volume and reducing the ability of the heart to maintain blood flow.
Correct Answer: B

Rationale: Chronic heart failure (CHF) is a syndrome, not a singular defect. Failure to pump adequately describes acute failure but lacks chronicity's scope. CHF is the heart's prolonged inability to meet metabolic demands for oxygen and nutrients, disrupting homeostasis per Farrell (2017) encompassing systolic (reduced ejection) and diastolic (impaired filling) dysfunction. Left ventricular enlargement may occur (e.g., dilated cardiomyopathy), but it's a cause or result, not the definition; contractility varies. Fluid buildup (congestion) is a feature, not the essence blood volume rises secondary to neurohormonal activation (e.g., renin-angiotensin system), not as the primary failure. The metabolic demand focus captures CHF's systemic impact fatigue, edema, dyspnea reflecting chronic adaptation failure over structural or fluid-centric descriptions.

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Which is not associated with atypical pneumonia?

  • A. abnormal LFTs
  • B. hypernatremia
  • C. hypophosphatemia
  • D. bilateral patchy infiltrates on CXR
Correct Answer: B

Rationale: Atypical pneumonia LFTs wobble, phosphates drop, CXR patches, agglutinins rise; sodium stays. Nurses skip this chronic salt glitch.

A nurse is performing discharge teaching for a client who was recently diagnosed with heart failure. Which of the following should be included in the client and family teaching?

  • A. Low sodium diet
  • B. Weekly weights
  • C. Symptoms to report to the provider
  • D. Fluid restriction
Correct Answer: A

Rationale: Heart failure management hinges on education to prevent exacerbations. A low sodium diet reduces fluid retention, easing cardiac workload crucial teaching for clients and families to grasp, as salt drives edema and hypertension, common pitfalls in heart failure. Weekly weights track fluid shifts daily is ideal, but weekly still aids while reporting symptoms like dyspnea flags worsening. Medication teaching ensures adherence, and fluid restriction may apply, but sodium's broader impact makes it foundational. Focusing on diet empowers lifestyle change, tackling a root cause over monitoring or restrictions alone, aligning with nursing's role in empowering self-care to stabilize this chronic condition long-term.

Which of the following are the characteristics of masked hypertension?

  • A. High home BP more than three days in a week
  • B. Normal office BP and high home BP
  • C. High office BP and normal home BP
  • D. Normal office BP and normal home BP
Correct Answer: B

Rationale: Masked hypertension hides normal office readings (<140/90) clash with high home BP (>135/85), dodging detection, yet hiking cardiovascular risk. High home BP alone lacks context; high office with normal home is white-coat hypertension. Normal both ways is healthy; high both is overt hypertension. This sneaky pattern demands home monitoring to unmask, as office calm misses real-world spikes, pushing clinicians to dig deeper for treatment, a silent chronic threat exposed by dual settings.

According to Johnson and Chang (2014) the role of the nurse and other health professions in chronic disease is to:

  • A. Support the person in managing their condition more effectively
  • B. Provide care to manage the disease process
  • C. Ensure the patient takes their medications and avoids all risk factors
  • D. Decide as a team on the best approach to manage the condition and direct the implementation of this care
Correct Answer: A

Rationale: Nurses in chronic care empower supporting self-management beats just treating, enforcing meds, or dictating plans. It's about patients steering their diabetes or asthma, with pros as guides, not bosses. Care's given, compliance nudged, teams plan, but support's the heart, a chronic win where autonomy rules.

The client is admitted for heart failure and has edema, neck vein distension, and ascites. What is the most accurate way to monitor fluid gain or loss in this client?

  • A. Auscultate the lungs for crackles or wheezing
  • B. Weigh the client daily at the same time with the same scale
  • C. Check for pitting edema in the dependent body parts
  • D. Assess skin turgor and the condition of mucus membranes
Correct Answer: B

Rationale: Heart failure's fluid dance edema, JVD, ascites needs precise tracking. Daily weights, same time, same scale, catch 1 kg shifts (1 L fluid), the gold standard for gain or loss, outpacing lung sounds' subjectivity. Edema checks or turgor gauge trends, less exact. Nurses weigh in, ensuring diuretic tweaks hit the mark, a reliable ruler in this swollen saga.

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