Nokea
The drug is a potassium-sparing diuretic that blocks Na+ channels in the collecting tubules:
- A. Acetazolamide (Diamox)
- B. Amiloride (Midamor)
- C. Furosemide (Lasix)
- D. Hydrochlorothiazide (HydroDiuril)
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The correct answer is B: Amiloride (Midamor). It is a potassium-sparing diuretic that blocks Na+ channels in the collecting tubules. Amiloride specifically targets the epithelial sodium channels in the collecting tubules, leading to decreased sodium reabsorption and potassium retention. Acetazolamide (A) is a carbonic anhydrase inhibitor, Furosemide (C) is a loop diuretic that inhibits the Na+-K+-2Cl- symporter, and Hydrochlorothiazide (D) is a thiazide diuretic that inhibits the Na+-Cl- symporter in the distal convoluted tubule.
You may also like to solve these questions
Consider these three drugs: divalproex (Depakote), carbamazepine (Tegretol), gabapentin (Neurontin). Which drug also belongs with this group?
- A. clonazepam (Klonopin)
- B. lamotrigine (Lamictal)
- C. risperidone (Risperdal)
- D. aripiprazole (Abilify)
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The correct answer is B: lamotrigine (Lamictal). Step-by-step rationale: 1. Divalproex, carbamazepine, and gabapentin are all anticonvulsant medications commonly used to treat seizures and mood disorders. 2. Lamotrigine also belongs to this group as it is an anticonvulsant used for epilepsy and bipolar disorder. 3. Clonazepam is a benzodiazepine used for anxiety and seizures, not in the same class as the other drugs. 4. Risperidone and aripiprazole are antipsychotic medications used for schizophrenia and bipolar disorder, not in the same class as the other drugs.
Tick the drug, inhibiting oxidative phosphorylation in some species of helminthes:
- A. Niclosamide
- B. Piperazine
- C. Praziquantel
- D. Mebendazole
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Niclosamide inhibits oxidative phosphorylation by blocking the electron transport chain in helminthes. It disrupts their energy production, leading to paralysis and death. Piperazine acts on GABA receptors, Praziquantel disrupts the parasite's tegument, and Mebendazole inhibits microtubule function. Therefore, Niclosamide is the correct choice for inhibiting oxidative phosphorylation in helminthes.
Tolerance and drug resistance can be a consequence of:
- A. Change in receptors, loss of them or exhaustion of mediators
- B. Increased receptor sensitivity
- C. Decreased metabolic degradation
- D. Decreased renal tubular secretion
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The correct answer is A: Change in receptors, loss of them or exhaustion of mediators. Tolerance and drug resistance often occur due to changes in receptors, such as downregulation or desensitization, leading to decreased drug efficacy. Loss of receptors or exhaustion of mediators can also contribute to reduced drug response over time.
Explanation of why other choices are incorrect:
B: Increased receptor sensitivity would not lead to tolerance or drug resistance, as it would result in enhanced drug effects.
C: Decreased metabolic degradation would increase drug levels in the body, potentially leading to increased drug effects rather than tolerance.
D: Decreased renal tubular secretion may alter drug excretion but would not directly cause tolerance or drug resistance.
Thiazide diuretics can produce the following side effects EXCEPT:
- A. Hypokalemia
- B. Hypocalcemia
- C. Hyperglycemia
- D. Hyperuricemia
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Thiazides cause hypokalemia (A), hyperglycemia (C), and hyperuricemia (D); they increase calcium reabsorption, not causing hypocalcemia (B).
The client is being taught about their warfarin. What does the nurse say about warfarin?
- A. It antagonizes vitamin K and blocks the production of some clotting factors.
- B. It acts as an antiplatelet drug.
- C. It causes fibrinolysis.
- D. It inactivates certain clotting factors.
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Warfarin inhibits vitamin K epoxide reductase, reducing synthesis of vitamin K-dependent clotting factors (II, VII, IX, X).