Nokea
The early stage of Alzheimer's disease is characterized by:
- A. Loss of recent memory
- B. Loss of remote memory
- C. Withdrawal from family
- D. Apraxia
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The correct answer is A: Loss of recent memory. In the early stage of Alzheimer's disease, individuals typically experience difficulty remembering recent events, conversations, or information. This is due to the initial impact of the disease on the hippocampus and other brain regions responsible for forming new memories. Choices B, C, and D are incorrect because loss of remote memory (choice B) usually occurs in later stages, withdrawal from family (choice C) can be a result of various factors beyond memory loss, and apraxia (choice D) refers to the inability to perform coordinated movements and is not a primary symptom of early-stage Alzheimer's.
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A client with obsessive-compulsive personality disorder seeks treatment for depression after the recent breakup of a relationship. The client constantly procrastinated about proposing marriage and said his girlfriend complained that he did not show her affection and that he was too controlling. Now he describes inability to sleep, poor concentration, and loss of energy since the breakup. Which outcome is a priority for the client? The client will:
- A. Demonstrate assertive behavior
- B. Express hope for developing a new relationship in the future
- C. Identify feelings of sadness related to the failed relationship
- D. List three new ways to reduce stress
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: The correct answer is C: Identify feelings of sadness related to the failed relationship. This is the priority outcome because the client's current symptoms of depression, such as inability to sleep, poor concentration, and loss of energy, are likely related to the breakup. By identifying and processing feelings of sadness, the client can begin to work through the grief and emotional distress caused by the failed relationship, which can help alleviate the depressive symptoms.
Choice A (Demonstrate assertive behavior) is not the priority outcome as the client's primary issue is related to depression and processing emotions, not assertiveness. Choice B (Express hope for developing a new relationship in the future) may be important for the client's overall well-being, but it is not the immediate priority for addressing the current depressive symptoms. Choice D (List three new ways to reduce stress) may be helpful in managing symptoms, but it does not address the core issue of processing emotions related to the breakup.
When thinking about alcohol and drug abuse the clinical officer should be aware that
- A. Most alcoholics become poly drug abusers
- B. Addictive individuals tend to use hostile, abusive behavior
- C. An unhappy childhood is a causative factor in many addictions
- D. Most poly drug abusers also abuse alcohol
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Most poly drug abusers also abuse alcohol, as it is a commonly available and socially accepted substance often combined with other drugs.
A client has been admitted with disorganized type schizophrenia. The nurse observes blunted affect and social isolation. He occasionally curses or calls another client a 'jerk' without provocation. The nurse asks the client how he is feeling, and he responds, 'Everybody picks on me. They frobitz me.' The nurse would assess 'frobitz' as:
- A. Circumstantial speech
- B. Loose associations
- C. Evidence of delusional thinking
- D. A neologism
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: The correct answer is D: A neologism. A neologism is a newly coined word or expression that is not easily understood by others. In this case, the client's use of the word 'frobitz' is not a recognized word, indicating it may be a neologism. This is commonly seen in individuals with schizophrenia who create new words or distort existing ones.
A: Circumstantial speech involves excessive and unnecessary details before reaching the main point. The client's response is not characterized by this.
B: Loose associations involve a lack of logical connections between thoughts. The client's response is not demonstrating this.
C: Evidence of delusional thinking would involve fixed, false beliefs that are not based in reality. The client's use of 'frobitz' does not necessarily indicate a delusion.
In summary, the use of 'frobitz' by the client is indicative of a neologism, as it is a new and potentially meaningless
A child, aged 11 years, has to stay home from school to care for his siblings while his mother works, because the family cannot afford a babysitter. The father appears to be emotionally abusive. Which intervention could be used for the primary prevention of problems such as these?
- A. Involve the parents in a parenting support group, and help them find affordable childcare.
- B. Meet with elected officials to lobby for subsidized childcare and increasing the minimum wage.
- C. Screen for signs of abuse and neglect in all children so that it can be discovered and treated early.
- D. Provide supportive counseling services for those who have survived neglect or abuse.
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The correct answer is B because lobbying for subsidized childcare and increasing the minimum wage addresses the root causes of the family's situation, such as financial insecurity and lack of affordable childcare. This intervention aims to prevent similar situations from occurring by advocating for systemic changes that can support families in need.
Choice A focuses on providing support to the parents, which may not address the underlying issues of financial instability and emotional abuse. Choice C addresses detection and treatment after the abuse has occurred, rather than preventing it from happening in the first place. Choice D focuses on providing counseling services after abuse or neglect has already taken place, rather than preventing it through systemic changes like subsidized childcare and increased minimum wage.
A person who is preoccupied with fears of having a serious disease suffers from
- A. a conversion reaction
- B. hypochondriasis
- C. a traumatic disorder
- D. an obsession
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Hypochondriasis involves persistent fear of serious illness despite no evidence.