Nokea
The expected outcome of using miotics to treat glaucoma is:
- A. Paralyzing ciliary muscles.
- B. Constricting intraocular vessels.
- C. Constricting the pupil.
- D. Relaxing ciliary muscles.
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Miotics (e.g., pilocarpine) constrict the pupil, which opens the drainage angle of the eye, facilitating aqueous humor outflow and reducing intraocular pressure.
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Blood pressure in the systemic circulation is highest in the:
- A. Arterioles
- B. Capillaries
- C. Aorta
- D. Venules
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Blood pressure is highest in the aorta, where blood is ejected directly from the left ventricle during systole, generating peak pressure (systolic pressure). As blood flows through arterioles, capillaries, and venules, pressure progressively decreases due to resistance and vessel compliance. This makes the aorta the correct answer.
A client has a history of heart failure and has been taking several medications, including furosemide (Lasix), digoxin (Lanoxin) and potassium chloride. The client has nausea, blurred vision, headache, and weakness. The nurse notes that the client is confused. The telemetry strip shows first-degree atrioventricular block. The nurse should assess the client for signs of which condition?
- A. Hyperkalemia.
- B. Digoxin toxicity.
- C. Fluid deficit.
- D. Pulmonary edema.
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Nausea, blurred vision, confusion, and AV block are classic signs of digoxin toxicity, especially in a client taking digoxin, requiring immediate assessment.
A client with chest pain is prescribed intravenous nitroglycerin (Tridil). Which assessment is of greatest concern for the nurse initiating the nitroglycerin drip?
- A. Serum potassium is 3.5 mEq/L.
- B. Blood pressure is 88/46.
- C. ST elevation is present on the electrocardiogram.
- D. Heart rate is 61.
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Nitroglycerin causes vasodilation, which can lower blood pressure. A blood pressure of 88/46 indicates hypotension, a significant concern as it may compromise perfusion, making it the priority assessment.
The physician prescribes sulfasalazine (Azulfidine) for the client with ulcerative colitis to continue taking at home. Which instruction should the nurse give the client about taking this medication?
- A. Avoid taking it with food.
- B. Take the total dose at bedtime.
- C. Take it with a full glass (240 mL) of water.
- D. Stop taking it if urine turns orange-yellow.
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Sulfasalazine should be taken with a full glass of water to ensure proper absorption and to prevent gastrointestinal irritation. It can be taken with food to reduce stomach upset, the dose is typically spread out during the day, and orange-yellow urine is a harmless side effect. CN: Pharmacological and parenteral therapies; CL: Synthesize
A client undergoing a mastectomy asks why she needs to sign a blood transfusion consent form. The nurse's best response is:
- A. œIt's a precaution in case of excessive bleeding during surgery.'
- B. œAll surgical clients must sign this form.'
- C. œIt ensures you receive blood if you request it.'
- D. œIt's required to test your blood type before surgery.'
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Explaining that the consent is a precaution for potential bleeding addresses the client's question accurately and promotes informed consent.