Nokea
The external male genital organ displays:
- A. a corpus spongiosum that surrounds the urethra;
- B. numerous blood vessels;
- C. two corpora cavernosa;
- D. root, attached to the pelvis bones;
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Step-by-step rationale:
1. The corpus spongiosum surrounds the urethra in the male external genital organ, aiding in the passage of urine and semen.
2. This structure is crucial for maintaining proper urinary and reproductive functions.
3. The other choices are incorrect because:
- Choice B is vague and does not specifically relate to the male genital organ.
- Choice C refers to the corpora cavernosa, which are erectile tissue in the penis, not the urethra.
- Choice D describes the root of the penis but does not specifically relate to the corpus spongiosum.
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Foetal portion of placenta includes
- A. Decidua parietalis
- B. Chorion frondosum
- C. Decidua basalis
- D. Anchoring villi
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The correct answer is B: Chorion frondosum. The foetal portion of the placenta is formed by the chorion frondosum, which consists of the chorionic villi that develop from the trophoblast. These villi are involved in the exchange of nutrients and waste products between the mother and the foetus.
A: Decidua parietalis is the maternal portion of the placenta, not the foetal portion.
C: Decidua basalis is also part of the maternal portion, not the foetal portion.
D: Anchoring villi are structures that help anchor the placenta to the uterine wall, but they are not specific to the foetal portion.
In summary, the correct answer is B because the chorion frondosum is specifically responsible for the foetal part of the placenta, while the other choices refer to maternal components or structures not directly related to the foetal portion.
If a cell has 92 chromosomes at the beginning of mitosis, determine the number of chromatids at
- A. 23 chromatids
- B. 92 chromatids
- C. 46 chromatids
- D. 184 chromatids
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: The correct answer is C: 46 chromatids. At the beginning of mitosis, each chromosome consists of two sister chromatids. Since the cell has 92 chromosomes, the total number of chromatids will be 92 chromosomes x 2 chromatids per chromosome = 184 chromatids. However, this number represents the total number of chromatids, not the number at the beginning of mitosis. At the beginning of mitosis, the sister chromatids are still attached, so we need to divide the total number of chromatids by 2 to get the number at the beginning of mitosis, which is 184 chromatids / 2 = 92 chromatids. Therefore, the correct answer is 46 chromatids, as each chromosome consists of two chromatids at the beginning of mitosis. Choices A, B, and D are incorrect as they do not consider the concept of sister chromatids in chromosomes during mitosis.
On inspection of the internal structure of the vagina, the nurse notes a rounded protrusion on the posterior wall of the vagina. How does the nurse document this finding?
- A. Rectocele
- B. Cystocele
- C. Bartholin cyst
- D. Nabothian cyst
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The correct answer is A: Rectocele. A rectocele is a herniation of the anterior rectal wall into the posterior vaginal wall. The rounded protrusion on the posterior wall of the vagina indicates a rectocele. This finding is documented as a rectocele due to the specific anatomical location and nature of the protrusion.
Summary of other choices:
B: Cystocele - A cystocele is a herniation of the bladder into the anterior vaginal wall, not the posterior wall.
C: Bartholin cyst - Bartholin cyst is a fluid-filled swelling in the Bartholin gland near the vaginal opening, not on the posterior wall.
D: Nabothian cyst - Nabothian cysts occur on the cervix and are not related to protrusions on the posterior wall of the vagina.
Estrogen is required for normal reproductive function in the male. Where is the principal site of estrogen synthesis in the male?
- A. Leydig cells
- B. Osteoblasts
- C. Liver cells
- D. Prostate cells
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Rationale:
1. The correct answer is C: Liver cells. The liver is the principal site of estrogen synthesis in the male.
2. Liver cells contain the enzyme aromatase, which converts androgens into estrogens.
3. Estrogen plays a crucial role in maintaining normal reproductive function in males.
4. Leydig cells (Choice A) are responsible for testosterone production, not estrogen synthesis.
5. Osteoblasts (Choice B) are bone cells involved in bone formation, not estrogen synthesis.
6. Prostate cells (Choice D) are involved in prostate function, not estrogen synthesis.
Testosterone is converted to _____ in the prostate.
- A. cholesterol
- B. estrogen
- C. progesterone
- D. dihydrotestosterone
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: The correct answer is D: dihydrotestosterone. Testosterone is converted to dihydrotestosterone (DHT) in the prostate by the enzyme 5-alpha reductase. DHT is a more potent androgen that plays a crucial role in prostate growth and development. Choice A (cholesterol) is incorrect as it is not a product of testosterone conversion in the prostate. Choice B (estrogen) is incorrect as testosterone is not directly converted to estrogen in the prostate. Choice C (progesterone) is incorrect as progesterone is not the main product of testosterone conversion in the prostate.