Nokea
The family suspects that AIDS dementia is occurring in their son who is HIV positive. Which symptom confirms their suspicions?
- A. A change has recently occurred in his handwriting.
- B. The client has a persistent cough and fever.
- C. The client experiences shortness of breath.
- D. The client exhibits a loss of appetite.
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Changes in handwriting may indicate cognitive decline, a hallmark of AIDS dementia.
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In childhood, hypokalaemic alkalosis is a recognised finding:
- A. In a baby given feeds that are too concentrated
- B. In congenital pyloric stenosis
- C. In cystic fibrosis
- D. Following urinary diversion
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Hypokalaemic alkalosis is a hallmark of congenital pyloric stenosis due to vomiting. It is not typically associated with concentrated feeds, cystic fibrosis, or urinary diversion.
A client with a liver abscess undergoes surgical evacuation and drainage of the abscess. Which laboratory value is most important for the nurse to monitor following the procedure?
- A. Serum creatinine
- B. Blood urea nitrogen (BUN)
- C. White blood cell count
- D. Serum glucose
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Monitoring WBC is essential to assess for infection or signs of abscess recurrence after the procedure.
In infantile eczema:
- A. The rash is characteristically present at birth
- B. The papules are itchy
- C. Cold weather relieves the symptoms
- D. A family history of related disorders is elicited in 70% of cases
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Infantile eczema is itchy and often associated with a family history of atopy. The rash is not present at birth, and cold weather can exacerbate symptoms.
The following investigations are not needed in a 3-year old on TPN for the past 3 weeks:
- A. Serum selenium
- B. Serum manganese
- C. Serum iron
- D. Serum calcium
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: The correct answer is C because serum iron is not typically monitored in children on total parenteral nutrition (TPN). The other options (a, b, d, e) are commonly monitored to prevent deficiencies or toxicities.
Which occurs in septic shock?
- A. Hypothermia
- B. Increased cardiac output
- C. Vasoconstriction
- D. Angioneurotic edema
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Increased cardiac output, which results in warm, flushed skin, is one of the manifestations of septic shock. Fever and chills are characteristic of septic shock. Vasodilation is more common than vasoconstriction. Angioneurotic edema occurs as a manifestation in anaphylactic shock.