Nokea
The following are causes of cyanosis in the presence of 60% oxygen:
- A. Haemoglobin concentration < 5 g%
- B. Methaemoglobinaemia
- C. Thalassaemia
- D. Right to left shunt
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: A right-to-left shunt can cause cyanosis even in the presence of high oxygen levels. Methaemoglobinaemia and severe anemia (Hb < 5 g%) can also cause cyanosis.
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A male client complains of pain in his right calf, and the nurse determines that his calf is edematous and deep red. What intervention has the highest priority?
- A. Tell the client to remain in bed
- B. Apply warm compresses to the affected leg.
- C. Administer pain medication as prescribed.
- D. Encourage the client to elevate the affected leg.
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The symptoms suggest deep vein thrombosis (DVT). Bed rest prevents dislodgment of the clot, reducing the risk of pulmonary embolism.
Insulin-like growth factor-l (IGF-I):
- A. Increases during pubertal growth spurt
- B. Is a single polypeptide chain
- C. Is produced in pancreas
- D. Is secreted in a pulsatile manner
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: IGF-I levels rise significantly during the pubertal growth spurt, contributing to rapid growth and development.
The primary care pediatric nurse practitioner is performing a well child examination on a school-age child who had complete repair of a tetralogy of Fallot (TOF) defect in infancy. What is important in this child's health maintenance regime?
- A. Cardiology clearance for sports participation
- B. Restriction of physical activity to avoid pulmonary complications
- C. Sub-acute bacterial endocarditis prophylaxis precautions
- D. Teaching about management of hypercyanotic episodes
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Children who have had TOF repair must be cleared by cardiology before participation in sports.
The treatment of choice for the lesion of the neonate is
- A. digoxin
- B. propranolol (Inderal)
- C. surgical shunt
- D. balloon valvuloplasty
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Balloon valvuloplasty can relieve pulmonary stenosis and improve symptoms in Tetralogy of Fallot.
A nurse is preparing to administer an angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitor. Which drug should the nurse administer?
- A. Captopril (Capoten)
- B. Furosemide (Lasix)
- C. Spironolactone (Aldactone)
- D. Chlorothiazide (Diuril)
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Captopril is an ACE inhibitor. Furosemide is a loop diuretic. Spironolactone blocks the action of aldosterone. Chlorothiazide works on the distal tubules.