Nokea
The following are features of encephalitis:
- A. Herpes simplex encephalitis has a reasonably good prognosis
- B. Varicella zoster virus encephalitis is predominantly 'cerebellar'
- C. Mumps encephalitis can cause unilateral nerve deafness
- D. Herpes simplex encephalitis predominantly affects the temporal lobe
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Herpes simplex encephalitis primarily affects the temporal lobe. Prognosis is poor, and varicella zoster encephalitis is not predominantly cerebellar. Mumps encephalitis can cause deafness.
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The nurse is preparing a client for discharge who was recently diagnosed with Addison's disease. Which instruction is most important for the nurse to include in the client's discharge teaching plan?
- A. Use a walker when weakness occurs
- B. Avoid extreme environmental temperatures
- C. Increase daily intake of sodium in diet
- D. Take prescribed cortisone accurately
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Taking prescribed cortisone accurately is crucial for managing Addison's disease and preventing an adrenal crisis.
In childhood, hypokalaemic alkalosis is a recognised finding:
- A. In a baby given feeds that are too concentrated
- B. In congenital pyloric stenosis
- C. In cystic fibrosis
- D. Following urinary diversion
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Hypokalaemic alkalosis is a hallmark of congenital pyloric stenosis due to vomiting. It is not typically associated with concentrated feeds, cystic fibrosis, or urinary diversion.
A child has been diagnosed with valvular disease following rheumatic fever (RF). During patient teaching, the nurse discusses the child’s long-term prophylactic therapy with antibiotics for dental procedures, surgery, and childbirth. The parents Indicate they understand when they say:
- A. “She will need to take the antibiotics until she turns 18 years old.â€
- B. “She will need to take the antibiotics for 5 years after the last attack.â€
- C. “She will need to take the antibiotics for 10 years after the last attack.â€
- D. “She will need to take the antibiotics for the rest of her life.â€
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Lifelong antibiotic prophylaxis is recommended for individuals with valvular disease following rheumatic fever to prevent recurrent infections and further cardiac damage.
A male client with Herpes zoster (shingles) on his thorax tells the nurse that he is having difficulty sleeping. What is the probable etiology of this problem?
- A. Pain
- B. Nocturia
- C. Dyspnea
- D. Frequent cough
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Pain from shingles can be severe and interfere with sleep, making it the most likely cause of the client's difficulty sleeping.
A VII nerve injury at the exit from the stylomastoid foramen would explain all except:
- A. Loss of sensation over the vallecula
- B. Loss of taste over the anterior third of the tongue
- C. Increased responsiveness to loud noises
- D. Inability to open the ipsilateral eye
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: The correct answer is D because the facial nerve (VII) does not control eye opening; this is controlled by the oculomotor nerve (III). The other options (a, b, c, e) are consistent with a VII nerve injury.