Nokea
The following are recognised in coeliac disease:
- A. Oesophageal carcinoma
- B. Malignant lymphoma
- C. Hyposplenism
- D. Amyloidosis
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Hyposplenism: Coeliac disease is associated with hyposplenism, which can result in impaired immune responses and increased susceptibility to infections.
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The following enzymes and inhibitors are matched correctly:
- A. Xanthine oxidase-allopurinol
- B. Enolase-fluoride
- C. Cholinesterase-physostigmine
- D. Ceruloplasmin-penicillamine
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Xanthine oxidase-allopurinol: Allopurinol inhibits xanthine oxidase, which plays a role in purine metabolism, and is used to treat gout and prevent uric acid buildup.
The Duke criterion for the diagnosis of endocarditis is a major
- A. new regurgitant flow by echocardiography
- B. Osler nodes
- C. single positive blood culture
- D. serologic evidence of infection
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: A single positive blood culture is one of the major criteria for diagnosing endocarditis.
A diagnosis of primary pulmonary hypertension of the newborn can be made if:
- A. Oxygen saturation in the hand is 80% and in the foot 67%
- B. A tachypnoeic baby has a saturation of 60%
- C. A baby with history of being covered in thick meconium at birth has PaO2 of 4kPa
- D. A septic baby is hypoxic in 100% oxygen
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: A significant difference in oxygen saturation between the upper and lower extremities (e.g., hand 80%, foot 67%) is indicative of persistent pulmonary hypertension of the newborn (PPHN).
The child becomes unresponsive. The most likely underlying lesion is
- A. cardiomyopathy
- B. anomalous coronary artery
- C. tetralogy of Fallot
- D. constipation
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Tetralogy of Fallot can cause hypoxic spells leading to unresponsiveness.
Acute laryngotracheobronchitis in children:
- A. Needs to be treated by broad-spectrum antibiotics
- B. Humidified oxygen by tent needs to be administered in infancy
- C. Dexamethasone is known to shorten the duration of illness
- D. Adrenaline by nebuliser is absolutely contraindicated
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Dexamethasone, a corticosteroid, is known to reduce inflammation and shorten the duration of illness in acute laryngotracheobronchitis (croup).