Nokea
The following are true about water excretion:
- A. It is influenced by the proximal tubule
- B. It is influenced by vasopressin
- C. It depends on erythropoietin
- D. It is influenced by the ascending limb of the loop of Henle
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: It is influenced by vasopressin: Vasopressin (ADH) regulates water reabsorption in the kidneys, primarily by acting on the collecting ducts, enhancing water retention in response to dehydration.
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A nurse is caring for a child with Down syndrome. Which statement by the parent indicates the need for further teaching?
- A. I will make sure my child has regular hearing screenings.
- B. I will encourage my child to be active and participate in play.
- C. I should monitor my child's thyroid function regularly.
- D. I should avoid giving my child a multivitamin supplement.
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Children with Down syndrome may benefit from a multivitamin supplement, especially if they are at risk for nutritional deficiencies.
Dome and dart P wave in lead V1 in electrocardiogram is suggestive of which of the following?
- A. Dextrocardia
- B. Left atrial ectopic rhythm
- C. Biatrial enlargement
- D. Mitral stenosis
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: The dome and dart P wave morphology is characteristic of biatrial enlargement, often seen in conditions like mitral stenosis and atrial fibrillation.
Which is/are true?
- A. Babies are able to respond to sounds in utero
- B. Full term babies at birth are unable to follow a large object with their eyes
- C. A 6-week-old infant would be able to follow a large object through an arc of 135°
- D. Growth velocity of head decreases with age
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Babies can respond to sounds in utero, and head growth velocity does decrease with age. Full-term babies can follow large objects, and a 6-week-old can follow objects through a smaller arc.
Coxsackie viruses are implicated in:
- A. Herpangina
- B. Dermatitis herpetiformis
- C. Meningitis
- D. Orchitis
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Coxsackie viruses are a common cause of herpangina. They can also cause meningitis and orchitis, but dermatitis herpetiformis is not associated with Coxsackie viruses.
Clinical diagnostic clues in an adolescent female with chronic cough:
- A. Pale stools and diarrhoea
- B. Aspergillus precipitin positive
- C. Calcified bronchopulmonary lymph nodes
- D. Whooping cough in the past
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Aspergillus precipitin positive: A positive Aspergillus precipitin test indicates Aspergillus exposure, which could lead to chronic pulmonary issues, especially in immunocompromised individuals.