The following cranial nerves carry pre-ganglionic parasympathetic nerves:
- A. Oculomotor nerve
- B. Trigeminal nerve
- C. Facial nerve
- D. Vagus nerve
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: The vagus nerve carries parasympathetic fibers. The oculomotor, trigeminal, and facial nerves do not.
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Which of the following features favor a diagnosis of restrictive cardiomyopathy over constrictive pericarditis?
- A. Elevated pulmonary artery pressures
- B. Normal BNP levels
- C. Annulus reversus
- D. Ventricular interdependence
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Restrictive cardiomyopathy is associated with elevated pulmonary artery pressures
The primary care pediatric nurse practitioner is performing a sports physical on an adolescent whose history reveals mild aortic stenosis (AS). What will the nurse practitioner recommend?
- A. Avoidance of all sports to prevent sudden death
- B. Clearance for any sports since this is mild
- C. Evaluation by a cardiologist prior to participation
- D. Low-intensity sports
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Children with mild AS may participate in any sport but must have annual cardiac evaluations.
What are FOUR typical cath findings consistent with biatrial enlargement?
- A. Prominent y-descent
- B. Square root sign
- C. RVSp >55mmHg
- D. RVEDp/RVSp <1/3
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: These cath findings are indicative of biatrial enlargement, typically observed in certain heart conditions affecting the atrial chambers.
Cytosolic glycogen accumulation does not occur in
- A. Pompe disease
- B. Mc Ardle's disease
- C. Phosphofructokinase deficiency
- D. Phosphoglycerate kinase deficiency
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Phosphoglycerate kinase deficiency does not lead to cytosolic glycogen accumulation.
Functional causes of opening Snap (either due to swift opening of AV valve or due to excess flow across the valve) is seen in all, except
- A. Mitral regurgitation
- B. Ventricular septal defect
- C. Atrial septal defect
- D. First degree AV block
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: First degree AV block is not typically associated with an opening snap.
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