Nokea
The following descriptions of a client's experience and behavior can be assessed as an illusion.
- A. The client tries to hit the clinical officer when vital signs must be taken
- B. The client says, 'I keep hearing a voice telling me to run away'
- C. The clients becomes anxious whenever the clinical officer leaves the bedside
- D. The client looks at the shadow on a wall and tells the clinical officer she sees frightening faces on the wall
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: An illusion involves misinterpreting a real stimulus (e.g., seeing faces in a shadow), unlike hallucinations, which involve perceiving something not present.
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Disorders related to abnormal functioning of the sleep-wake cycle or timing mechanisms of the body are called:
- A. Sleep apnea.
- B. Primary sleep disorders.
- C. Tertiary sleep disorders.
- D. None of the above.
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The correct answer is B: Primary sleep disorders. These disorders directly affect the sleep-wake cycle or timing mechanisms of the body. Sleep apnea (A) is a specific disorder characterized by pauses in breathing during sleep, not a general category. Tertiary sleep disorders (C) are not a recognized classification; the primary and secondary are the main categories. "None of the above" (D) is incorrect as primary sleep disorders are indeed related to abnormal functioning of the sleep-wake cycle.
A depressed patient is receiving imipramine (Tofranil) 300 mg daily. Which side effect requires seeking medical attention?
- A. Dry mouth
- B. Blurred vision
- C. Nasal congestion
- D. Urinary retention
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: The correct answer is D: Urinary retention. Imipramine is known to cause anticholinergic side effects, such as urinary retention. This side effect is serious and requires immediate medical attention to prevent complications like bladder distention or urinary tract infections. Dry mouth and blurred vision are common but less urgent side effects of imipramine, while nasal congestion is not typically associated with this medication. Thus, urinary retention stands out as the side effect requiring immediate medical attention among the choices provided.
A patient with schizophrenia begins to talk about creatures called 'volmers' hiding in the warehouse where he works and undoing his work each night. The term 'volmers' most likely represents:
- A. a neologism.
- B. clanging.
- C. anhedonia.
- D. alogia.
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The correct answer is A: a neologism. In schizophrenia, patients often create new words (neologisms) that have no meaning outside of their delusional context. The term 'volmers' is a made-up word by the patient, indicating a loss of touch with reality. Clanging (B) is a speech pattern characterized by rhyming or punning words, not creating new words. Anhedonia (C) refers to the inability to experience pleasure, unrelated to creating new words. Alogia (D) is a decrease in speech or thought productivity, not related to inventing new words. In this case, the patient's use of 'volmers' is indicative of a neologism associated with schizophrenia.
Which expectation should be considered most critical prior to discharging a client with anorexia nervosa from the hospital?
- A. Attainment of minimum normal weight.
- B. Resumption of normal menstrual cycle.
- C. Knowledge of caloric and nutritional value of foods required for a balanced diet.
- D. Reduction of periods of active exercise to three times daily.
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Rationale: A critical expectation before discharging a client with anorexia nervosa is the attainment of minimum normal weight. This is crucial for the client's physical health and to prevent complications like organ damage. Resuming a normal menstrual cycle (B) is important but not as critical as restoring weight. Knowing about nutrition (C) is valuable but not as urgent as weight gain. Reducing exercise (D) may be necessary, but weight restoration takes precedence for overall health.
Suzanne is a 10-year-old girl who has been diagnosed as experiencing depression. What is likely to be the most effective way to help Suzanne express her feelings?
- A. Have her participate in a group therapy session with other young children who are depressed
- B. Ask her to draw some pictures about things that shes been thinking about
- C. Arrange for individual psychotherapy sessions with a psychiatrist
- D. Observe her actions but dont seek to draw her out into conversation
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Younger children who may have more difficulty verbally expressing feelings may be able to draw them.