Nokea
The following diseases have diagnostic EEG findings:
- A. Petit mal epilepsy
- B. Infantile spasms
- C. Acute measles encephalopathy
- D. Herpes encephalitis
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Infantile spasms, also known as West syndrome, have a characteristic EEG pattern called hypsarrhythmia, which is diagnostic.
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A 70-year-old male client with type 2 diabetes mellitus (DM) is hospitalized with an infected ulcer on his great right toe. Which instruction should the nurse emphasize during discharge teaching?
- A. Check the insides and linings of all enclosed shoes before putting the shoes on
- B. Wash the feet with soap and water, then apply a topical antibiotic ointment.
- C. Trim toenails weekly to prevent injury.
- D. Avoid wearing sandals or open-toed shoes.
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Preventing trauma to the feet is critical for clients with diabetes to avoid complications like infections and ulcers.
Functional causes of opening Snap (either due to swift opening of AV valve or due to excess flow across the valve) is seen in all, except
- A. Mitral regurgitation
- B. Ventricular septal defect
- C. Atrial septal defect
- D. First degree AV block
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: First degree AV block is not typically associated with an opening snap.
Whirlpool' sign in abdominal ultrasonogram is seen in
- A. Duodenal atresia
- B. Midgut volvulus
- C. Intussusception
- D. Anorectal malformation
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The 'whirlpool' sign on abdominal ultrasound is characteristic of midgut volvulus, indicating twisting of the intestines around the mesenteric vessels.
An 8-year-old child is receiving digoxin (Lanoxin). The nurse should notify the practitioner and withhold the medication if the apical pulse is less than _____ beats/min.
- A. 60
- B. 70
- C. 90
- D. 100
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: If a 1-minute apical pulse is less than 70 beats/min for an older child, the digoxin is withheld; 60 beats/min is the cut-off for holding the digoxin dose in an adult. A pulse below 90 to 110 beats/min is the determination for not giving a digoxin dose to infants and young children.
A client who suffered an electrical injury with the entrance site on the left hand and the exit site on the left foot is admitted to the burn unit. Which intervention is most important for the nurse to include in this client plan of care?
- A. Continuous cardiac monitoring
- B. Perform passive range of motion
- C. Evaluate level of consciousness
- D. Assess lung sounds q4 hours.
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Electrical injuries can cause cardiac arrhythmias, so continuous cardiac monitoring is critical to detect and manage any life-threatening complications.