Nokea
The following drug may be used to relieve bladder spasm after urologic surgery:
- A. Atropine
- B. Dicyclomine
- C. Glycopyrrolate
- D. Oxybutynin
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Oxybutynin, an antimuscarinic, reduces bladder spasms.
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Which of the following is the most frequent cause of diarrhea and flatulance:
- A. Acarbose
- B. Glibenclamide
- C. Metformin
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Acarbose inhibits carbohydrate digestion in the gut, leading to increased fermentation by gut bacteria, causing diarrhea and flatulence.
A patient with anxiety and depression may respond to:
- A. Duloxetine (Cymbalta)
- B. Fluoxetine (Prozac)
- C. Oxazepam (Serax)
- D. Buspirone (Buspar) and an SSRI combined
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Buspirone (anxiolytic) with an SSRI addresses both anxiety and depression effectively.
Which of the following adverse effects are less likely in a beta1-selective blocker?
- A. Dysrhythmias
- B. Impaired insulin release
- C. Reflex orthostatic changes
- D. Decreased triglycerides and cholesterol
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Beta1-selective blockers (e.g., atenolol) have less impact on insulin release compared to non-selective blockers.
Which of the following beta-blockers also has additional alpha-blocking activity?
- A. Nadolol
- B. Pindolol
- C. Labetalol
- D. Esmolol
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Labetalol has both beta and alpha-1 blocking activity, making it unique among beta-blockers.
Which of the following drugs has been shown to restore corticosteroid responsiveness for Bronchial Asthma:
- A. Salbutamol
- B. Sodium cromoglycate
- C. Zifirlukast
- D. Montelukast
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Montelukast, a leukotriene inhibitor, enhances corticosteroid efficacy in asthma.