Nokea
The following drugs are given by subcutaneous route:
- A. Human GH
- B. Insulin
- C. Human erythropoietin
- D. Hepatitis B vaccine
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The correct answer is A because human growth hormone (GH) is commonly administered subcutaneously. The other options (b-e) are also given subcutaneously, but GH is the most relevant in this context.
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In 90% of cases of endocarditis, the causative agent is recovered from the first 2 blood cultures. Antimicrobial pretreatment of the patient reduces the yield of blood cultures to
- A. 10%
- B. 20%
- C. 30%
- D. 40%
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Antimicrobial pretreatment can significantly reduce the yield of blood cultures, often to 10-20%.
Which among the following is not a feature of low flow - low gradient severe aortic stenosis with preserved left ventricular function?
- A. Mean trans aortic pressure gradient < 40 mm Hg
- B. Aortic valve area < 1 cm²
- C. Stroke volume > 35 ml/m²
- D. Left ventricular ejection fraction > 50%
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Stroke volume is typically reduced, not increased, in low flow - low gradient severe aortic stenosis.
Management of a patient with an INR of 8.7 from warfarin overdose includes:
- A. Vitamin K
- B. Cryoprecipitate
- C. Fresh frozen plasma
- D. Desmopressin
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The correct answer is A because vitamin K is the primary treatment for reversing warfarin overdose. The other options (b-e) are less commonly used or not indicated for this situation.
Tall (>25 mm), narrow, and spiked P waves are seen in
- A. Ebstein anomaly
- B. ventricular septal defect
- C. patent ductus arteriosus
- D. severe mitral stenosis
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Severe mitral stenosis can cause tall, narrow, and spiked P waves due to left atrial enlargement.
Regarding coarctation of aorta
- A. Associated with Turner's syndrome
- B. Commonest is preductal type
- C. Radio femoral delay is a feature
- D. Systolic BP in lower limb is higher than in upper limb
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Radio-femoral delay is a characteristic feature of coarctation of the aorta due to the obstruction in blood flow.