Nokea
The following. items are transported in blood plasma, EXCEPT:
- A. Oxygen
- B. Carbon dioxide
- C. Nutrients
- D. Hormones
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Oxygen is not transported in blood plasma. Instead, it is transported bound to hemoglobin within red blood cells. Carbon dioxide, nutrients, and hormones are examples of substances that are transported in blood plasma. Oxygen binds to hemoglobin in the red blood cells as they pass through the lungs, while carbon dioxide is carried back to the lungs and expelled from the body through the respiratory system. Nutrients like glucose and amino acids are carried in the blood plasma to be delivered to various tissues for energy production and cellular processes. Hormones are chemical messengers that are released into the bloodstream by endocrine glands to regulate numerous physiological functions throughout the body.
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A client has type1 diabetes. Her husband finds her unconscious at home and administers glucagons, 0.5 mg S.C. She awakens in 5 minutes .Why her husband offer a complex carbohydrate snack to her as soon as possible?
- A. To decrease the possibility of nausea and vomiting
- B. To restore liver glycogen and prevent secondary hypoglycemia
- C. To stimulate her appetite
- D. To decrease the amount of glycogen in her system
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Providing a complex carbohydrate snack to the client after she has been treated with glucagon is important to restore liver glycogen and prevent secondary hypoglycemia. Glucagon works by stimulating the liver to release stored glucose, which quickly raises blood sugar levels. However, this can deplete the liver's glycogen stores, making the client susceptible to experiencing hypoglycemia again if additional glucose is not consumed. Offering a complex carbohydrate snack will help replenish the liver's glycogen stores and sustain blood sugar levels to prevent a recurrence of hypoglycemia.
A client with rheumatoid arthritis is about to begin aspirin therapy to reduce inflammation. When teaching the client about aspirin, the nurse discusses adverse reactions to prolonged aspirin therapy. These include:
- A. Weight gain
- B. Respiratory acidosis
- C. Fine motor tremors
- D. Bilateral hearing loss
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Prolonged aspirin therapy can lead to a rare side effect known as aspirin-induced hearing loss, which manifests as bilateral hearing loss. This adverse reaction is typically associated with higher doses of aspirin and longer durations of use. It is important for healthcare providers to monitor for signs of hearing loss in patients receiving long-term aspirin therapy, especially those with rheumatoid arthritis or other inflammatory conditions, to prevent irreversible damage to the hearing. Weight gain, respiratory acidosis, and fine motor tremors are not commonly associated with prolonged aspirin therapy.
Which of the following organisms is responsible for the development of rheumatic fever?
- A. Streptococcal pneumonia
- B. Haemophilus influenza
- C. Group Aß-hemolytic streptococcus
- D. Staphylococcus aureus
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Rheumatic fever is an inflammatory disease that can develop after an untreated or inadequately treated infection with group Aß-hemolytic streptococcus bacteria, particularly Streptococcus pyogenes. This bacteria causes strep throat, which if left untreated, can lead to complications such as rheumatic fever. Rheumatic fever primarily affects the heart, joints, skin, and brain. It is important to promptly treat streptococcal infections with antibiotics to prevent the development of rheumatic fever.
Wilma was shocked to see that the Tracheostomy was dislodged. Both the inner and outer cannulas was removed and left hanging on James' neck. What are the 2 equipment's at james' bedside that could help Wilma deal with this situation?
- A. New set of tracheostomy tubes and Oxygen tank
- B. Theophylline and Epinephrine
- C. Obturator and Kelly clamp
- D. Sterile saline dressing
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: In the situation described, the best equipment at James' bedside to address the dislodged tracheostomy and the removal of both the inner and outer cannulas would be a new set of tracheostomy tubes and an oxygen tank.
With severe diarrhea, electrolytes as well as fluids are lost. What electrolyte imbalance is indicated in Ms. CC's decreased muscle tone and deep tendon reflexes?
- A. Hypernatremia
- B. Hyperchoremia
- C. Hypokalemia
- D. Hypocalcemia
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Hypokalemia is indicated in Ms. CC's decreased muscle tone and deep tendon reflexes. Potassium is an essential electrolyte for muscle function, including maintaining muscle tone and supporting proper nerve conduction for reflexes. When potassium levels are low, it can lead to muscle weakness, decreased muscle tone, and reduced deep tendon reflexes. With severe diarrhea, potassium is often lost along with fluids, leading to a potential electrolyte imbalance such as hypokalemia. Additionally, hypokalemia can cause cardiac arrhythmias, muscle cramps, and fatigue, further supporting the presence of this electrolyte imbalance in Ms. CC.