Nokea
The following may cause an elevated blood urea:
- A. renal disease
- B. steroid therapy
- C. dehydration
- D. all above
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Elevated blood urea can result from renal disease, steroid therapy, or dehydration due to reduced renal perfusion or increased protein catabolism.
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The male client diagnosed with multiple sclerosis states he has been investigating alternative therapies to treat his disease. Which intervention is most appropriate by the nurse?
- A. Encourage the therapy if it is not contraindicated by the medical regimen.
- B. Tell the client only the health-care provider should discuss this with him.
- C. Ask how his significant other feels about this deviation from the medical regimen.
- D. Suggest the client research an investigational therapy instead.
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Encouraging alternative therapies that are safe and not contraindicated can empower the client and support their autonomy in managing their condition.
What are the two major divisions of the nervous system?
- A. endocrine and exocrine nervous systems
- B. upper and lower nervous systems
- C. spinal and extremity nervous systems
- D. central and peripheral nervous systems
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: The nervous system is divided into the central nervous system (CNS), which includes the brain and spinal cord, and the peripheral nervous system (PNS), which includes all the nerves outside the CNS. This division is fundamental to understanding how the body processes and responds to information.
What central fiber tract connects forebrain and brain stem structures with the hypothalamus?
- A. cardiac accelerator nerve
- B. medial forebrain bundle
- C. dorsal longitudinal fasciculus
- D. corticospinal tract
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The correct answer is B: medial forebrain bundle. This tract connects the forebrain and brain stem structures with the hypothalamus, playing a crucial role in regulating various physiological functions. It is involved in the control of emotions, reward pathways, and feeding behaviors. The other choices are incorrect because: A) cardiac accelerator nerve is involved in regulating heart rate, not connecting forebrain structures with the hypothalamus; C) dorsal longitudinal fasciculus is associated with eye movements and visual processing, not connecting forebrain with the hypothalamus; D) corticospinal tract is responsible for voluntary motor movements, not involved in connecting forebrain structures with the hypothalamus.
Which of the following nursing interventions may reduce hemostasis and decrease the potential for thrombophlebitis for a client with neurologic disorder?
- A. Remove and reapply elastic stockings
- B. Change the client's position
- C. Keep extremities at neutral position
- D. Use a flotation mattress
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Changing position promotes circulation and reduces clot formation.
Injury to which segment of the spine results in damage to the chest and abdominal muscles?
- A. cervical
- B. thoracic
- C. lumbar
- D. sacral
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Injury to the thoracic spine (T1-T12) can affect the chest and abdominal muscles, as this region of the spinal cord controls motor and sensory functions for the upper body. Damage here can lead to paralysis or weakness in these areas.